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Acknowledgments A person can be born and earn a master’s degree in a quarter of a century, and one can incur, as well, a lot of on (indebtedness) in that time. The years of support by the granting agencies and their selection committees over the years is acknowledged with gratitude. The deeply felt obligation to repay the accumulated on to them has much to do with the compulsion to continue. The list of on to be acknowledged is a long one: Social Science Research Council of New York (summers 1975, 1977, 1983); Office of Education Fulbright Program (summers 1980, 1984); University of Hawai‘i Graduate Research Council (summers 1977, 1979 and winter 1982–1983); Japan Foundation (year grants 1981–1982, 1989–1990); Fulbright-Hays Fellowship Program (year grant 1985–1986); National Endowment for the Humanities (two-year grant 1986–1988); small but highly appreciated grants from Yoshida Shigeru Zaidan (1987, 1988, 1991); and Japan Studies Endowment Committee— funded by a grant from the Japanese government (1996, 1998, 2002). The indebtedness to those in Japan is perhaps greater because of the personal, face-to-face, and sustained nature of the relationships. This will become clear in the description later of the details and extent of the collaboration with Japanese colleagues. Indebtedness, however, goes beyond this circle of scholars to Japanese friends from all walks of life who, through their great kindness over the years, have made bearable the solitary , often lonely life of a scholar far removed from home. I regret that the constraints of space prevent me from listing all their names here. Mrs. Kajiyama Minae, widow of the novelist Kajiyama Toshiyuki, donated a munificent sum to the University of Hawai‘i Foundation to establish the Kajiyama Bunka Studies Fund at the University of Hawai‘i as well as a scholarship fund for students. She did this in appreciation of the University of Hawai‘i Library for creating the Kajiyama Collection, which contains some of the finest unpublished documents on Japan’s colonization of Korea. I am grateful to Mrs. Kajiyama and her daughter Miki for allowing me to draw upon the Kajiyama Bunka Studies Fund to support the publication of this book. I would be remiss if I did not mention the Kumagais, Shin and Setsuko, who are among the oldest and most generous of friends. Treating me more as a friend than a tenant, Dr. Yagi Hisaharu and Mrs. Yagi Mutsumi have provided spacious living quarters and a quiet environment conducive to research for more than fifteen years. Moreover, Mrs. Yagi, who lives a minute xiv Acknowledgments away from this home away from home, has for years shared at least three times a week the hot dishes she prepares for her husband. I was introduced to the Yagis by Dr. Ruth Ono, former vice president of administration at The Queen’s Medical Center. Others to whom I am greatly indebted include Dr. Yagi Naoto, Hisaharu’s son, Dr. Hoshi Terumasa, D.D.S., and Mrs. Hoshi Setsuko, Komiyama Michiko, Sakae Yôkô, Tominaga Izumi, and Yamamoto Taka. The wives of my colleagues, Itô Yoshiko, Sakeda Michiko, Hirose Haiko, Kobayashi Akiko, and Masumi Hisako, graciously provided viands whenever I spent long research hours with their husbands at their homes. Much is owed to Takahashi Hajime, who worked closely with me to lay the foundation for a successful binational conference in 1995, cosponsored by the University of Hawai‘i and Nikkei Shimbun (the “Wall Street Journal of Japan”), which focused presciently on the general topic, “How do free societies protect their citizens from terrorism without infringing on their human rights and civil liberties?” We continue to work together to benefit academic programs at the University of Hawai‘i. Indebtedness extends to others outside of Japan as well. Mr. and Mrs. Yoshiharu Yamamoto, now of Los Angeles, over the years have been kind in more ways than can be counted. Mr. Yamamoto was a supervisor when I became a Department of Army Civilian (DAC) employee in Tokyo (1955–1961) in order to support a growing family while trying to complete a dissertation. “Wise” and “fair” would describe him best. The Yamamotos’ generous subsidy in memory of their parents, Zenzaburô and Tomie Yamamoto and Tanoshi and Sei Ono, will enable more students to read this book than would otherwise have been the case. Support has also not been lacking in Hawai‘i. George R. Ariyoshi, former governor of the state of Hawai‘i, also graciously provided a subsidy for the same...

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