Divided by a Common Language: Factional Conflict in Late Northern Song China

Index

263 Advisory Office (Jiangyi si), 150 Analects (Lunyu): as classical authority for faction theory, 34–36, 45; definitions of superior and petty men, 34, 193n18, 231n16; interpreted by Fan Ye, 38; interpreted by Liu Zhi, 87; interpreted by Ouyang Xiu, 49–50; interpreted by Sima Guang, 58, 77, 84–85, 201n65; usages of dang and peng, 25, 27 Ancient Prose (Guwen) movement, 46, 185n31 An Dun, 126, 141, 190n75 antireform coalition, 7–8, 11, 20–22; abolishes New Policies, 107, 109, 113, 116; blacklisted by Cai Jing’s ministry, 155–157; deported to Lingnan, 128, 138–139, 142, 156, 160; dominates Xuanren Regency, 104, 117–118; in historiography, 15, 167–168; as institutional centralists, 111–112; kinsmen and descendants punished, 142, 156; Luo-Shu-Shuo factional conflict within, 117–124; opposes New Policies, 77–82, 84–85, 87–88, 90–91, 94, 96; opposes Shaosheng “restoration,” 131–133; proscribed by Cai Jing’s ministry, 150–155; proscribed by Zhang Dun’s ministry, 139–140, 142–143; purged by Zhang Dun’s ministry, 135–136; purges reformists, 107– 117 passim; remonstrance investigated , 141–142, 151–154. See also “Yuanyou faction” Atwell, William, 175 authority, ministerial: as conceived by Ouyang Xiu, 50, 52; as conceived by Sima Guang, 58–59, 61; as conceived by Wang Anshi, 77–78; expansion of, 2, 6–8, 11, 20–22, 80, 87–88, 95–96, 116–117, 136– 137, 150, 157–158, 161; limits upon, 1–2, 6, 58–59, 85–86, 96, 133, 161 authority, monarchical: centralization of, 3–6; as conceived by Ouyang Xiu, 51–52; as conceived by Sima Guang, 58–59, 61; as conceived by Wang Anshi, 77; enhanced by factional rhetoric, 13–14, 20–23, 96– 98, 124–125, 160, 162–164; fallibility of, 71, 163; role as arbiter of factionalism, 1–2, 70–71, 75, 98, 163 Baker, Keith Michael, 191n81 Bol,Peter,7,57,75–76,111,168,183n13, 185n31, 204n2, 219n121, 230n7 Book of Changes (Yijing), 32–34, 36 —hexagrams: Guai and Bo, 66; Jian (Adversity, Hexagram 39), 25; Jian (Gradual Advance, Hexagram 53), 134–135; Tai and Pi, 33, 32–34, 78–79, 87, 105, 115, 117, 130 —interpretations of: Cheng Yi, 33–34; Fu Bi, 79; Liu Zhi, 87; Qin Guan, 66–67, 69; Sima Guang, 105; Su Che, 130; Sun Sheng, 115–116; Index Page numbers in bold refer to figures. Wang Anshi, 78–79; Wang Yansou, 108, 117; Zhang Shangying, 134– 135; Zhu Xi, 167 Book of Documents (Shangshu), 28–30, 35–36; conceptions of monarchical authority in, 28; “Great Plan” (Hong fan), 28–29, 35; interpreted by Ouyang Xiu, 51; interpreted by Sima Guang, 59–60; interpreted by Wang Anshi, 73, 81–82; interpreted by Yongzheng Emperor, 176; “Luo Announcement” (Luo gao), 29–30, 35–36 Book of Songs (Shijing), 115, 122, 124 Bossler, Beverly, 182n9, 183nn10, 12, 187n52, 228n126, 229n132 Brook, Timothy, 177, 233n40 bureaucracy, imperial: ideological polarization of, 2–3, 5–8, 75–76, 96–98, 104, 125, 139–140, 158, 162–163; information flows within, 6; as political arena for shi elite, 1–2, 5–8, 9–13, 20–22. See also officeholding , bureaucratic Bureau of Military Affairs (Shumi yuan), 72, 82, 95, 100, 106 Cai Bian, 133–134, 143, 190n75 Cai Jing, 8, 22; blacklists reformist rivals, 146, 150, 156; blamed for fall of Northern Song, 15, 159; and Chongning factional proscriptions, 150–157; dismissed and reappointed by Huizong, 157–158; dismissed by Qinsheng, 145; expands New Policies, 150, 158; and Korean Relations Institute case, 126–128; patronage regime of, 8, 158; supervises Hired Service policy, 136; vertical alliance with Huizong, 8, 149–150, 156, 158, 161 Cai Que, 21–22; accused in Carriage Canopy Pavilion inquisition, 99– 102; accused of factionalism, 108– 111, 113; accused of plotting to depose Zhezong, 127; death in Lingnan avenged, 126, 129, 135, 138–140, 142; deported to Lingnan , 102–103; dismissed by Xuanren , 112; obstructs abolition of New Policies, 109; posthumously honored, 127, 138; as Shenzong’s councilor, 95, 105 Cai Xiang, 48 Cao, Empress, 105 Carriage Canopy Pavilion (Chegaiting) inquisition, 100–103, 118, 126, 138 Censorate (Yushitai), 6, 12; antireformists neutralize, 120–121, 125; Cai Jing recaptures, 149–150; Cai Que neutralizes, 105, 107; as focus of opposition to New Policies, 80–82, 87; Qinsheng rebalances, 144–145; remonstrance investigated, 154; Sima Guang unleashes, 107–108, 114, 117; Wang Anshi neutralizes, 82–83, 88, 90; Zeng Bu fails to silence, 149; Zhang Dun neutralizes , 134, 140. Chaffee, John, 151, 157, 158...