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Glossary
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381 Glossary Words aguardiente spirit (alcoholic) ahogamiento de la madre a nervous illness affecting reproductive functioning alcalde mayor magistrate alcaldía jurisdiction of an alcalde mayor alférez standard-bearer alguacil constable, police officer aliping namamahay serf in Tagalog society aliping sagigilid slave in Tagalog society alma soul alma de confesión soul or person who has been confirmed, generally over the age of seven or eight ánima soul anitero/a shaman arroz limpio husked rice arroz sucio unhusked rice Audiencia high judicial court and by extension the region under its jurisdiction babaylan shaman barangay (boat) an edge-pegged, plank-built boat constructed on a keel with an outrigger barangay (social unit) a pre-Hispanic social and political unit or community behetría community without a hereditary leader biroco large outrigger botica pharmacy bubas swelling, bubo, syphilis búfano buffalo cabecera central village or settlement of a municipality cabeza de barangay head of a barangay cabildo town council caingin swidden or shifting cultivation camotes sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas (L.)) cantor singer, member of a choir carabao Asian buffalo caracoa large outrigger with an elevated fighting deck designed for war carta anua annual letter casa de reserva estate worker who is exempt from the polo and other services casería hamlet 382 Glossary catecúmeno catechumen cédula decree champán a flat-bottomed boat used for river navigation cimarrón runaway, fugitive comandancia territory under a military commander congregación congregation of a dispersed population into a nucleated settlement cordonería cordage works corregidor royal official with judicial and administrative authority derrama financial contribution made for a common purpose diwata spirit (object of worship) doctrina mission or parish where the residents were undergoing Christian instruction encomendero owner of an encomienda encomienda an allocation of Indians to an individual who was then entitled to exact tribute and labor from them in return for Christian instruction enfermedad illness entrada military or missionary expedition into unexplored or unpacified territory estado de almas summary of the population of a parish estancia ranch fiscal attorney general gallina chicken or, more precisely, a hen gobernadorcillo political post created by the Spanish that oversaw the cabezas de barangay hacendero owner of a hacienda hidalgo nobleman, gentleman hombre man indio Indian, but in the Philippine context a native Filipino. infieles pagans inquilino tenant farmer joanga small junk maginoo village elite in Tagalog society maharlika commoner in Tagalog society manicipia slave (Latin) manta blanket or shawl medriñaque textile made from abaca or palm fiber mestizo a person of mixed white and native ancestry. A Chinese mestizo was of mixed Chinese and native ancestry ministerio ministry mita rotational forced labor system used in Spanish America montes hills, mountains morador inhabitant mundo fugitive from Spanish rule in Panay nipa type of palm tree nono ancestor or tutelary spirit [44.200.23.133] Project MUSE (2024-03-28 18:30 GMT) Glossary 383 oidor judge oripun indebted dependent or slave in the Visayas pacificación peaceful subjugation padrón detailed list or census parao a boat with a deep keel and single sail parian neighborhood where the Chinese lived or were confined peso monetary unit equal to eight reals peste disease plan de almas summary of total population (souls) polo forced labor system presidio garrison principal native leader principalia native elite, including the cabezas de barangay and gobernadorcillo procurador representative, solicitor, attorney ranchería small rural settlement, hamlet rancho hut real monetary unit equal to one-eighth of a peso reducción reduction or settlement formed by the amalgamation of smaller settlements or created by drawing together unconverted people remontados apostates repartimiento rotational draft labor system república de españoles Spanish republic república de indios Indian republic requerimiento document used during the Spanish conquest that called upon natives to recognize the authority of the king and pope and to justify any Spanish action against them if they refused reservado/a person exempt from tribute and other services sangley Chinese sementera land that has been sown situado contribution, subsidy tasación official tribute assessment timagua freeman or common person (Visayan) timawa freeman or common person (Tagalog) tingues hills or mountains tostón half a peso or four reals trapiche sugar mill tributante equivalent to two tribute payers, normally a married couple tributario tribute payer, tributary tributo tribute, tribute payer tributo entero equivalent to two tribute payers, normally a married couple vagamundo vagabond; some one living outside his or her natal community vandala forced sales to the government vecino citizen, householder...