Challenging the Secular State: The Islamization of Law in Modern Indonesia

Contents

Contents vii Acknowledgments ix Abbreviations xi Introduction 1 I: Shari‘a and the Nation-State 1. The Notion of Shari‘a 11 2. Is There Unity of Islam and the State? 16 3. Dissonant Implementation of Shari‘a 24 4. Between Nation and Millet 33 II: Islamization and Nationalism 5. Islamization in Indonesia 45 6. Different Conceptions of Nationalism 51 7. Formation of the Indonesian State 59 8. Reproducing the Millet System 70 III: The Constitutionalization of Shari‘a 9. Constitutional Dissonance 79 10. Bringing Back the ‘Seven Words’ 85 11. The Failure of Amendment 94 12. Limiting Human Rights 108 IV: The Nationalization of Shari‘a 13. The Institutionalization of Zakat 115 14. Managing the Collection of Zakat 120 15. Legislating Zakat Payment 127 16. Overlapping Zakat and Taxation 133 V: The Localization of Shari‘a in Aceh 17. Formalizing Shari‘a Locally Through Ulama 143 18. Ulama and Qanun Lawmaking 154 19. After the Tsunami 163 Conclusion 169 Notes 179 Glossary 221 References 227 Index 249 viii Contents ...