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xiii General Notes Texts. The citations of the works by the Teimon and the Danrin haikai schools are from Koten haibungaku taikei (Collection of classical haikai literature). All of Bashô’s works are drawn from Kôhon Bashô zenshû (The complete works of Bashô). The analyses of the Daoist texts, the Laozi and the Zhuangzi, are based on the thirteenth-century rare editions Laozi Juanzhai kouyi and Zhuangzi Juanzhai kouyi (Juanzhai’s vernacular explanations of the Laozi and the Zhuangzi, respectively), reprinted in Nagasawa Kikuya’s Wakokubon shoshi taisei (Collections of major Chinese thinkers’ works reprinted in Japan), volumes 9, 11, and 12. In discussing the intertextual relations between other Chinese texts and haikai, this study consults, whenever possible, the rare editions that were printed in Japan before the end of the seventeenth century. Translations. Burton Watson’s English translation of the Zhuangzi, The Complete Works of Chuang Tsu, is used herein except for the substitution of the Pinyin system of romanization for the Wade-Giles system and for a few passages I translated myself for technical reasons. All other translations of the Japanese and Chinese texts and titles are mine unless otherwise noted. Personal names. This book follows the Chinese and Japanese practice of referring to persons by their surnames followed by their personal names rather than in the Western order. Writers who were known by their literary names, such as Bashô, are referred to by those names. Terms and titles. This volume involves a relatively large amount of Japanese and Chinese terms. The modi¤ed Hepburn system of romanization is used for Japanese terms and names, and the Pinyin system is used for Chinese terms and names. An English equivalent accompanies a romanized term at its ¤rst appearance. When the meaning of a term changes in different contexts, different English equivalents are used. In the instance that a Chinese term also occurs in Japanese writings, the Chinese romanization is used when the context is Chinese and the Japanese romanization when the context is Japanese, with the Japanese or Chinese counterpart of the term provided in parentheses at its ¤rst occurrence. xiv General Notes This shifting back and forth between the Japanese and Chinese pronunciations of key terms creates a challenging aspect of the reading, but always using only the Chinese or Japanese romanization of a term would make that term seem unnatural when the context does not match. For example, it would be awkward to have Bashô speak of zaohua instead of zôka. In order to help the reader deal with the foreign terms, the book keeps all romanized terms in italics and repeats the English equivalent as well as the Japanese/Chinese counterpart of a romanized term after it has not been discussed for a while. Whenever needed, a note is provided to remind readers that a different English equivalent was used for the same term earlier. In addition, a glossary of Japanese and Chinese terms and names is provided. Glossary. The names and terms in the Glossary are listed alphabetically according to their pronunciation, followed by their original language and English equivalent(s). When a name or term is used in both Chinese and Japanese, the term is listed under its Chinese romanization, followed by the Japanese romanization, the Chinese characters, and the English equivalent. The Glossary also provides a separate entry under the Japanese romanization of the same name or term, which refers the reader to the Chinese romanization. Because the number of Chinese and Japanese names and terms in the book is relatively large, the names and works of modern Chinese and Japanese writers and the titles of poems and short prose pieces are not included in the Glossary. Primary Japanese and Chinese sources are listed by title with the original language in the Selected Bibliography. ...

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