Barons, Brokers, and Buyers: The Institutions and Cultures of Philippine Sugar

Acronyms and Special Terms

A-sugar Sugar destined for the U.S. market under the U.S. sugar quota adb Asian Development Bank aim Association of Integrated Millers (a now defunct millers’ organization) asean Association of Southeast Asian Nations B-sugar Sugar immediately sellable in the domestic market bipa Binalbagan-Isabela Planters’ Association bir Bureau of Internal Revenue (Philippine government) biscom Binalbagan-Isabela Sugar Company (a sugar mill) busco Bukidnon Sugar Company (a sugar mill) C-sugar Reserve sugar portion to be converted by later sugar orders cafgu Citizens’ Armed Forces Geographical Unit (a security force on farms) carp Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program cb-bills Bills issued by the Central Bank of the Philippines ccc Commodity Credit Corporation (guarantees crop loans to U.S. farmers) confed Confederation of Sugarcane Planters (one of two confederations) cpp Communist Party of the Philippines cy Crop Year D-sugar Sugar destined for the world market da Department of Agriculture (Philippine government) dar Department of Agrarian Reform (Philippine government ) denr Department of Environment and Natural Resources (Philippine government) diwa Democratic and Independent Workers’ Association (labor union) Acronyms and Special Terms xi dof Department of Finance (Philippine government) dole Department of Labor and Employment (Philippine government) E-sugar Sugar intended only for authorized exporters of processed food edsa Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (site of the edsa Revolution in Manila) eu European Union fao Food and Agriculture Organization (of the United Nations) gatt General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (supplanted by wto) gsp Generalized System of Preferences (U.S. government trade program) imf International Monetary Fund msg Monosodium glutamate m.t. metric tons nacusip National Congress of Unions in the Sugar Industry of the Philippines nafta North American Free Trade Agreement nasutra National Sugar Trading Corporation (Marcos-era sugar trading agency) neda National Economic Development Authority (Philippine government) nfsp National Federation of Sugarcane Planters (one of two confederations) nfsw National Federation of Sugarcane Workers (labor union) ngo Non-government organization npa New People’s Army nso National Statistics Office (Philippine government) p Philippine peso pa Planters’ Association xii Acronyms and Special Terms paef Philippine-American Educational Foundation pason Planters’ Association of Southern Negros pasri Philippine Association of Sugar Refiners, Inc. pcfm Philippine Chamber of Food Manufacturers pd Presidential Decree (Marcos-era decree) philex Philippine Exchange Corporation (Marcos-era monopsony) philfoodex Philippine Food Exporters Association philsucom Philippine Sugar Commission (Marcos-era sugar monopsony) philsutech Philippine Sugar Technologists Organization pnb Philippine National Bank psa Philippine Sugar Association (colonial-era organization ) ps/ha Piculs of sugar per hectare psma Philippine Sugar Millers’ Association pstc Piculs of sugar per ton of cane pvo Private voluntary organization rp Republic of the Philippines (or Republika ng Pilipinas) rpb Republic Planters Bank rsb Roberto S. Benedicto (Marcos-era sugar “czar”) sifi Sugar Industry Foundation, Inc. so Sugar Order (action of the sra) sra Sugar Regulatory Administration (attached agency of the Department of Agriculture) t-bills Treasury bills issued by the Philippine government. tc/ts Tons of cane needed to produce one ton of raw sugar ts/h Tons of sugar per hectare trq Tariff-rate quota (U.S. government sugar quota; not really a quota) ursumco Universal Robina Sugar Milling Company (a sugar mill) usaid United States Agency for International Development Acronyms and Special Terms xiii usda United States Department of Agriculture vat Value-added tax vicmico Victorias Milling Company (the nation’s largest sugar mill) vos Voluntary offer for sale wto World Trade Organization xiv Acronyms and Special Terms ...