Art as Politics

Index [Includes About the Author]

Bold page numbers refer to illustrations. Abu-Lughod, Lila, 28 Acciaioli, Greg, 141 adat (traditional practice, law, and values), 13, 15, 120, 220n. 25, 247 advertising, tau-tau images in, 238n. 21. See also guidebooks and brochures affecting presences, art as, 10–11, 85–86, 91, 209 agency: concept, 27–28; relationship to material culture, 28; relationship to tourism, 210–211; Toraja efforts to combat negative stereotypes, 134–135 Ahearn, Laura, 28 alangs. See rice barns algae branch motif (pa’ tangke lumu), 204 aluk to dolo (traditional religion), 9, 49, 114, 117, 247. See also rituals Ambe’ Landang: carved paintings, 172, 174, 175–179, 191, 203–206, 208, Plates 11, 14, 15; carving workshop, 173–175, 176–177, 207; defense of social stratification, 123–124; ethical carvings, 202–207, 208, Plates 14–15; family, 171–173; lobbying for World Heritage Site nomination, 214–215; Ne’ Duma’s funeral and, 134, 135; political messages in carvings , 177–179, 191; on UNESCO meeting, 211 Ambe’ Rura, 199–200 ampang biliks, 177–178, 247 ancestors: of aristocracy, 53, 233n. 22; importance in Toraja identity, 46; of Ne’ Duma, 47–54 ancestral homes. See tongkonans Anderson, Benedict, 140, 155 Andi Sose, 39 anthropologists: interaction with tourism, 68–69, 222n. 45; Toraja relationships with, 18–20, 22, 23–24, 35–37, 47, 88 Anton (pastor), 153–155 Antweiler, Christoph, 159 Appadurai, Arjun, 24, 33 aristocracy, 36; ancestors, 53, 233n. 22; funeral rituals, 62, 162; genealogies, 46, 51; heirlooms, 79, 118, 162, 163, 242n. 32; imagery used in tourism, 40–41; jewelry, 42; museums, 162–165; nonelite views of, 223n. 56; rank identity, 25, 44–54; responsibilities, 97 Armstrong, Robert Plant, 10–11 Arnoldi, Mary Jo, 28 art: as affecting presence, 10–11, 209; carvings as, 176–177; social roles, 26–27, 209–210; tourist forms, 185; as weapon of the weak, 28, 177–179, 191–192. See also paintings; tourist art forms art market. See collectors arts of resistance, 28 authenticity: of souvenirs, 128, 184–185; of Toraja identity, 35–36, 40; as tourist concern, 67, 68, 70, 74, 224n. 1 Ave, Joop, 14, 220n. 25 Bali: anthropologists in, 222n. 45; paintings , 175, 176; sculpture, 124, 243n. 7; terrorist bombing, 15, 39; tourism, 14 bangkit (rise up), 148, 154, 247 INDEX 276 : index BANGKIT banners, 95, 147–149, 151, 241n. 14 banknotes. See rupiah banknotes banuas (houses), 217n. 7, 247 banyan trees: as GOLKAR emblem, 102–103, 136; pa’ barana’ motif, 96, 102–103, 201, 249; ritual use, 201; symbolism, 96, 201, 245n. 9 bate manurun, 204, 206, 208, 247 batitongs, 79, 247 Belksma, J., 225n. 9 Benedict, Ruth, 23 Benteng Ujung Pandang. See Fort Rotterdam Bergman, Gerard, 189–190 betel leaf motif. See pa’ daun bolu (betel leaf ) motif Bigalke, Terance, 18, 22, 37, 38, 39 birth rituals, 227n. 29 bodies: compared to tongkonans, 79–80; salience in memory-making practices, 166, 242n. 35 Borobudur, 129, 238n. 20 Brady Bunch, The, 7, 45–46 Brown, J. MacMillan, 77–78 Bruner, Edward M., 141 bua’ kasalle ritual, 201 Bubandt, Nils, 194 Bugis houses (platform houses), 12, 159, 181–182 Bugis people: artists, 170–171; museum exhibits, 156; Muslim rebellions, 13–14, 18, 39, 101; population, 2; relations with Toraja, 179, 181; Toraja views of, 17–18, 19, 179 Bu Hasan, 196–197 Buntu Kalando Museum, 162, 165 buses. See Toraja buses camats (district heads), 248. See also Sanggalangi ’ district head candle motifs, 102, 103, 137 capitalist development, ethnic tensions and, 194, 244n. 3 carved motifs: attempt to patent, 183; Christian symbols, 98, 99, 102, 137, 199–202; in contemporary architecture , 95; explanations of placement on tongkonan facades, 94–97; Islamic symbols, 202; meanings, 94, 98–99; Ne’ Duma’s knowledge of, 75, 96; new, 199–202, 235n. 41; political party emblems, 102–103, 136–137, 177–178 carved paintings, of Ambe’ Landang, 172, 174, 175–179, 191, 203–206, 208, Plates 11, 14, 15 carvers: female, 76, 231n. 6; in Kesu’ area, 72, 73–76, 116, 127–128, 173–175, 199–200; of tau-taus, 116, 117, 124–125, 236n. 5; work on Makassar buildings, 181 carving lessons, 75–76 carvings: ethical, 202–207, 208; of Jesus, 200–202, Plates 12–13; marketing on Internet, 188; meanings, 28–29; miniature tau-taus, 127–128, Plate 7; origins of tradition, 82–83; paint colors, 74, 231n. 2; on rice barns, 80, 99–101, 100, 103; tongkonan facades, 82–83, 84, 94–97, 97, 98–99, Plate 1; tourist products, 73–74; trays, 200 Catholics, 60...