A Grammar of South Efate

List of Tables and Figures

List of Tables and Figures Tables Table 1:1. Correspondence of forms in Sope's stories and in current South Efate 3 Table 3: 1. South Efate phonemes 46 Table 3:2. South Efate correspondences to Proto Oceanic (POc), from Lynch 2000a 55 Table 3:3. Examples of consonant distribution 60 Table 3:4. Word-initiaI2-consonant clusters 61 Table 3:5. Medial syllable initial 2-consonant clusters 62 Table 3:6. Heterosyllabic 2-consonant clusters 62 Table 3:7. Heterosyllabic C.CC clusters 63 Table 3:8. Examples of vowel pairs 64 Table 3:9. Distribution ofVV combinations anywhere in a word 64 Table 4: 1. Subclasses of nominals 75 Table 4:2. Summary of verb classes 78 Table 4:3. Examples of adjectives 83 Table 4:4. Examples of verbs and adjectives 85 Table 4:5. Typical adjectives, listed by Dixon's semantic types 87 Table 5: 1. Free pronominal forms in South Efate 104 Table 5:2. Bound pronominal forms in South Efate 105 Table 5:3. Form of the object and oblique object suffixes 115 Table 5:4. Reconstructed POc object enclitics (after B. Evans 1995: 137) compared with South Efate object suffixes 116 Table 5:5. Examples of directly possessed nouns 130 Table 5:6. Examples of compound nouns 140 Table 6: 1. Particles encoding temporal information in the pre-verbal complex 149 Table 6:2. Proclitic pronominals which display an aspect/mood distinction .. 150 Table 6:3. Words whose meaning includes temporal reference 152 Table 6:4. Examples of mood and aspect interaction 155 Table 6:5. Subject proclitics and mood and aspect interaction 156 Table 6:6. Correlation of results of Dahl's questionnaire 157 Table 7: 1. Constructions in which each of the four major verb classes occurs 172 Table 7:2. Verb classes in South Efate 173 Table 7:3. Examples of stative intransitive verbs (that are not adjectives) 178 Table 7:4. Examples of active intransitive verbs that cannot derive transitive forms with -ld 179 Table 7:5. Active intransitive verbs that derive transitive forms with -ki 180 Table 7:6. Examples ofambitransitive verbs 186 Table 8: 1. Intransitive and corresponding derived transitivized verbs 203 xii List of Tables and Figures Table 8:2.a Allomorphs of the TS with consonant-final sterns 207 Table 8:2.b Allomorphs of the TS with vowel-final sterns 208 Table 8:3. Comparison of verb sterns + TS with pac 208 Table 8:4. Forms of a and OBL suffixes 213 Table 8:5. Comparison of pac *-i/-akini semantic roles with South Efate 218 Table 8:6. Change in function of the pac close and remote suffixes in South Efate 220 Table 9: 1. Types of verb combinations 224 Table 9:2. Examples of symmetrical verb compounds 226 Table 9:3. Asymmetrical verb compounds 230 Table 9:4. Sample texts, predicate types 242 Table 10: 1. Auxiliary verbs 253 Table 11: 1. Criteria for distinguishing S, 0, obliques, and adjuncts 267 Table 11 :2. Interrogative lexemes 282 Table 12: 1. Characteristics of verb combinations compared to clause linkage 290 Table 12:2. Distribution of subordinating particles 297 Figures Figure 1: 1. An image of the front page of Pastor Sope's stories from the Capell papers 4 Figure 2: 1. Austronesian subgroups (Lynch, Ross, and Crowley 2002:4, after Blust) 31 Figure 2:2. Southern Oceanic subgrouping (Lynch 2001:165) 31 Figure 2:3. Image of the first page of the 1874 translation of Genesis by the Rev. James Cosh 39 Figure 9: 1. Spectrogram of intonation associated with pe 'intensifier' 235 Pictures Picture 1: Limas and Kalsarap Namaf xxiv Picture 2: William Wayane xxiv Picture 3: The Erakor town council. xxv Picture 4: Tokelau Takau xxv Picture 5: Manuel Wayane xxvi Picture 6: Endis Kalsarap xxvi Picture 7: Silas Alban xxvii Picture 8: An Erakor housing 'yard' xxvii xiii List of Tables and Figures Maps Map 1. Map of placenames around Erakor village xxii Map 2. Map of placenames on Erakor Island (Eraniau) xxiii Map 3. Location of Erakor village and Efate island 13 Map 4. Languages of Efate and the Shepherd Islands, adapted from Lynch and Crowley 2001:108 32 xiv ...