Performing the Great Peace: Political Space and Open Secrets in Tokugawa Japan

Glossary

229 229 Glossary bakufu 幕府 Tokugawa government. In the Edo period it was an uncommonly used scholarly term. bettō 別当 Buddhist monk administrator of a shrine. bun 分 One’s portion, consequence, or status. bun o shiru 分を知る To know and keep to one’s consequence or status. chigyō 知行 Fief. chiji 知事 Prefectural governor. chō 朝 The court; usually refers to the imperial court, sometimes to the Tokugawa court. chokumei 勅命 An imperial order. chōtei 朝廷 The court; usually refers to the imperial court, sometimes to the Tokugawa court. chūnagon 中納権 Middle-rank councilor in the imperial court. daijinkun 大神君 “Great divine lord”; one posthumous term for Tokugawa Ieyasu. daikan 代官 Intendants; rural administrators. daimyō 大名 Daimyo, a samurai lord of the Muromachi and Edo periods. In the Edo period the term was defined as a lord holding a fief with an omote value of at least 10,000 koku. daimyōjin 大明神 The highest-ranked kami created by the Yoshida house. daishōgun no ie 大将軍の家 The shogunal house. dajōtennō 太上天皇 Retired emperor. glossary 230 fu 府 Government headquarters, usually regional; in the modern period, an urban prefecture. fudai 譜代 A hereditary vassal or servant. Among Tokugawa daimyo it referred to daimyo lineages descended from people who were vassals before 1600. fusetamau 布施たまう To bestow; a polite way of referring to a social superior’s giving to an inferior. ganso 元祖 Founder of a house or lineage. gōchō 郷帳 Cadastral registers summarizing village productivity totals by imperial county. gokachū, okachū 御家中 The members of a samurai house. gokenin 御家人 Tokugawa housemen, samurai of lesser status than bannermen. gunkoku no sei 軍国之政 Government of the military country or countries. gunsei 軍政 Military government. haibutsu kishaku 廃仏毀釈 The early Meiji-era separation of Buddhism and Shinto that involved a large degree of destruction of Buddhist sites. hakufu 伯府 A word used in an early Meiji history written in Tosa to identify the bakufu. han 藩 Domain, in modern discourse. In the Edo period the term was used by Sinitic learning scholars to mean daimyo. hanpei 藩屏 Bulwarks. In the Edo period the term was used by Sinitic learning scholars to mean daimyo and, less often, the Tokugawa shogun. hatamoto 旗本 Bannermen, samurai retainers of the Tokugawa shogun whose omote fief amount was less than 10,000 koku and generally more than 500 koku. hatto 法度 Law code; ordinances. -hime 姫 Name suffix meaning princess. hō 封 Fief. hōchi 封地 Fief. hōgyo 崩御 A word meaning for the emperor to die. hōken 封建 Polity of sealed-off spaces; feudal. hōkōnin 奉公人 Retainersorcommonerservantsofahousehold. honchō 本朝 “This dynasty”; a way for Japanese to refer to the imperial realm of Japan or, less commonly, to the Tokugawa dynasty. glossary 231 honne 本音 One’s true intention or desire. hōzuru 崩ずる A verb meaning for the emperor to die. hyakushōmae 百姓前 A full-status villager’s respected sphere of competence. hyōjōsho 評定所 The high court of the Tokugawa government. hyōjōshū 評定衆 The membership of the Tokugawa high court, often consisting of three Tokugawa Elders, three Shrine and Temple Magistrates, two Town Magistrates, two Finance Magistrates, and one of the Grand Inspectors. ichimon 一門 Collateral houses; daimyo houses that were considered descendants of Tokugawa Ieyasu; Tokugawa collateral houses. The term was used in similar fashion within daimyo houses. ie 家 House or clan; in the Edo period, a political unit for samurai and a unit of corporate authority among many status groups. iesōdō 家騒動 A violent conflict within a daimyo house. ikō 威光 August authority. -in 院 Name suffix indicating that the person has retired and taken Buddhist orders. -inden 院殿 Name suffix reserved for elite warriors, indicating that the person has retired and taken Buddhist orders. jibun shioki 自分仕置 A lord’s right to manage his domain as identified by an overlord. jingi 神祇 The deities of heaven and earth. jinja 神社 A Shinto shrine. jinkun 神君 “Divine lord”; one posthumous term for Tokugawa Ieyasu; sometimes also used to identify deified founders of daimyo houses. jitsumyō, jitsumei 実名 One’s formal personal name. jōbutodoke 丈夫届 A daimyo’s notification to the Tokugawa that a sickly born child had unexpectedly lived and therefore the birth should be formally recorded. kahō 家法 House law. kakekomiso 駆込み訴 An illegal suit made by barging into the residence of a judicial official. kakushi metsuke 隠し目付 Secret investigators. kami 神 Shinto deity. karō 家老 House Elder in a domain government. glossary 232 ken 県 Prefecture. kenzu 献ず To proffer to a social superior. kimi 君 Prince or ruler. kinri 禁裏 “The forbidden quarter”; the residence of the emperor in premodern times, occasionally applied to the Tokugawa residence. kō, ōyake 公 Ruler, governmental authority, ruling authority, ruler, lord...