Disturbing History: Resistance in Early Colonial Fiji

Notes

227 1RWHV ,QWURGXFWLRQ 1. Durutalo 1985b, 153. 2.Trouillot 1995, 29. 3. See Foucault (1972 and 1979). 4. For discussions of Pacific historiography, see Leckie (1983); Thomas (1990a); Lal (ed.) (1992b); Hempenstall (1995); Journal of Pacific Studies 20 (Special Edition, 1996); Denoon, Firth, Linnekin, Meleisea, and Nero (eds.) (1997); Helu (1999); Borofsky (ed.) (2000); and Hanlon (2003). 5.The most prominent historian of this era is R.A.Derrick. See Derrick (1950). 6. See Davidson (1966). Fiji historians from this period include Gillion (1962 and 1977); France (1969); Ali (1980); Macnaught (1982); Scarr (1984); and Routledge (1985). 7. France (1969) is a notable exception. Using his knowledge of the Fijian language and the tukutuku raraba (transcribed oral histories of origin), France revealed a highly mobile and fluid culture both in time and space. The book continues to have currency and to attract wide readership in the present. 8. See Gillion (1962); Macnaught (1982); Scarr (1984); and Ravuvu (1991). 9. Among others, see Naidu (1980); Durutalo (1985a); Durutalo (1986); and Sutherland (1992). 10. See in particular, the attack on Routledge, Macnaught, Scarr, and others in Durutalo (1985b). 11. Naidu’s (1980) work is an important exception. 12. See Durutalo (1985a). 13. See Thomas (1994). 14. See Kelly (1991a); Thomas (1994); Kelly and Kaplan (1994); Kaplan (1995); and Heartfield (2003). 15. See Sahlins (1985) and Dening (1988). 228 Notes to Pages 5–10 16.Thomas 1994, 15–16, 97, 106, 167. See also Thomas (1990b). 17. See Kaplan (1995) and Kelly (1991a). 18. See Lal (2000). 19. See E.P.Thompson (1966). 20.The term “subaltern”was first coined by the Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci to refer to the large anonymous mass of ordinary people whose existence was etched in the shadow of capitalism. See Gramsci (1971). 21. Guha (1982, 1983a, and 1983b). For a critique of Subaltern Studies, see Chakrabarty (2002) and Chaturvedi (ed.) (2000). 22. Borofsky 2000, 25. 23. See Hempenstall (2000); Neumann (1992 and 2000); and Douglas (1999). 24. Hau‘ofa 2000, 458. 25. Hau‘ofa 2000, 469. 26. Hau‘ofa 2000, 458. 27. See Hempenstall (1997) and Douglas (1999). In postcolonial literary theory, see Said (1993) and Guha (1983a and 1983b). 28. See Hempenstall (1978); Mamak and Ali (1979); and Hempenstall and Rutherford (1984). 29. One such example is Mamak and Ali (1979). 30. For critics of binary approaches to resistance, see Lal, Munro, and Beechert (eds.) (1993); Ortner (1995); Abu-Lughod (1990); Kelly and Kaplan (1994); Gupta and Ferguson (eds.) (1997); and Cooper and Stoler (eds.) (1997). 31. Ortner 1995, 175. 32. Scott 1990, 87. 33. See Stoler (1995). 34. Hempenstall and Rutherford 1984, 15, 147. 35.Thomas 1990a, 139–158. 36. See Douglas (1980). See also Muckle (2004). 37. See Camacho (2005); Ortner 1995, 179; and Hempenstall 1978, 207. 38. Hempenstall 1978, 219. See also Camacho (2005). 39. Munro 1996, 30–31. 40. Borofsky 2000, 182. 41. Foucault (1972, 1974, 1978, and 1979); Bhabha (1985 and 1992). 42. Foucault 1978, 95. 43. See Scott (1985 and 1990) and Genovese (1976). 44. Among others, see Bhabha (1985 and 1992); Spivak (1988); Chakrabarty (1992 and 2002). 45. Among them, see Parry (1987) and Sarkar (1996). 46. Ortner 1995, 186. 47. Prakash 1995, 5. Notes to Pages 10–20 229 48. Said 2000, 451. 49. Dirks, Eley, and Ortner (eds.) 1994, 18. 50. See Hanlon (2003). 51. For Europeans in Fiji, see Derrick (1950); Scarr (1964); John Young (1984); and Knapman (1986). 52. Scott 1985, xv. 53. Scott 1985, 29. &KDSWHU2QH7KH&ROR:DURI 1. See Nicole 2006, 32–51, for a detailed discussion of the larger geopolitical context of the war. 2.See Derrick (1950); Legge (1958); Scarr (1984); Routledge (1985); Kerr,Donnelly , and Quanchi (1994); and Thornley (2002). 3. Boyd (1919). 4.Thornley 2002, 380. 5. See the first three chapters in Thornley (2002). 6. The seven men who died with Baker came from the southeastern districts of Tokatoka, Rewa, Beqa, and Deuba. Aisea Nasekai and Josevata Nagata were the only two vuli to escape. See Thornley 2002, 337–348. 7.Thornley 2002, 348. 8. See Philp (1872). 9. Paper 61,“Report of the Native Lands Commissioner”, in JFLC 1915, 2. 10.The adage “beneath the Bible was the gun”was often used during discussions with villagers at Nasaucoko, 2 August 2003. 11.Thornley 2002, 380. 12. See the settlers’petition, Fiji Times, 26 March 1873. 13. Gordon to Earl Carnarvon, 19 November 1875, Gordon...