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Index Abeysekara, Ananda, xxix, 8, 113n20 abhidharma, 68 action-oriented pedagogy, 72–73, 74 aesthetics: locally determined, 53; and rituals, 50; shared, xxii; and social bonds, 42 aesthetics of emotion, xxii, 8–9, 29, 32, 42, 85, 105–106, 108; and confidence, 108; and social bonds, 106 aesthetic standard, xxiii, xxiv, 23, 29; and the Buddha, 23; contextualized, 42; effects of social bonds on, 29; indeterminate nature of, 29; learned through ritual performance, 76, 78–79; locally determined, 53, 72, 90, 105–106, 107; and morality, 29; shaped by the past, xxiii, 14, 94–95, 105–106; and the Vinaya, 20, 29; ways of communicating, 75 affection: role of in shaping human relationships, xxii; signs of, xxi; and sustaining Buddhist communities, 81 agrarian revolution, 26, 125n12; and ethnic implications, 125n13 agricultural colonies, 26–27, 56–57, 88 ākalpa (behavior and deportment), 25, 71–72, 125n8, 136n20 alcoholism, 27, 33–34, 133n25, 140n14 Almond, Philip, xxvi alms-giving (dāna) ritual: xxiii–xxiv, 18–19, 39–40, 90, 120n41, 125n11; and caste, 141n32; and concern for the laity, 133n28; and shortage of monastics, 86–87, 102, 108, 138n5 Ampāra District, 56–57, 125n13; social and economic problems in, 56–57 Ānanda, 68 Anāthapiṇḍaka, 68 Anurādhapura District, 26–27; census data, 27, 125n13, 126n15, 139n7; educational levels, 126n15 appearance, monastic, 3, 72; effects of, 27; and hair length, 23, 33, 72, 78, 137n32; influenced by the past, xxiii, 14, 105–106; learned through ritual performance, 78; locally determined, 28, 29–30, 42, 105–106; and social bonds, 3, 29. See also ākalpa Ariyadhamma, Pānadurē, 127n29 Asoka, King, 68 attracting the heart, xxv, 31, 34, 35, 40, 42, 49, 52, 54, 76, 78, 79, 104, 108, 133n28; and monastic appearance, 137n32; role in protecting Buddhism, 41, 83; and speech, 45 Austin, J. L., 75, 113n17 Bainbridge, William, 48, 49, 61–62 Baṇdhāra, R. Amaravaṇśa, 141n26 Batgama (palanquin bearer) caste, 98, 116n21, 121n52 behavior, monastic, xxiii, 3, 72; and canonical norms, 29; changing nature of, 13; exhibited through speech, 52, 60; learned through ritual performance, 78; locally determined, xxviii, 29, 42, 85, 105–106; negotiating, 13; shaped by the past, xxiii, 14, 24, 105–106; and social bonds, 3, 12–13, 29, 107, 108; and temple activities, 73–74. See also Vinaya; ākalpa) Bell, Catherine, 74, 79 Beravā (drummer) caste, 6–8, 116n21, 117n22 Berkwitz, Stephen, xxvi, 41 Betrayal of Buddhism, 134n4 Blackburn, Anne M., xxiii, 111n2; 113n18 bodhipūjā rituals, 70, 127n28 Bond, George D., 119n32 bonds, social: and normative behavior, 12–13 Bourdieu, Pierre, 74, 76 162 • Index Buddha: images of, 28–29; kingdom of, 40; nine qualities (navaguṇa) of, 68, 135n7; as normative figure, xxiii, 16, 23; and social service, 16, 68; spell cast by, 28–29, 126n22; studying the life of, 67–68; worshipping (Buddhapūjā), 70, 73, 74 Buddha Jayanti, 124n6 Buddhas, previous, 1; 114n3 Buddhism, decline of, 40, 41, 45, 87, 108, 129n45, 138n9; and closing temples, 40–41; and education, 16–17, 123n61; and politically-sponsored ordination rituals, 124n6 Buddhism, protecting, 40–41, 45–46, 49, 123n61, 130n47; through social service, 87, 139n8 Buddhism, reviving, 86 Buddhist councils, 68 Buddhist Information Inspection Committee, 138n5 Buddhist modernism, 134n4; and ritual transformation, 128n29 Buddhist Sunday Schools (daham pasal), 30, 82, 127n24 Buddhist Temporalities Ordinance, 142n33 Buddhist Theosophical Society, 30 Buddhist youth groups, 33, 37; factors influencing membership in, 35–36; to learn about monastic life, 36 Bunnag, Jane, 125n9, 134n1 cadence (talaya), 78, 80 calm, 37–38, 40, 50, 60, 72, 80 Carrithers, Michael, 29, 75, 76, 141n32 caste, 87, 97–99, 116n21, 117n24, 121n53, 122n58, 128n34, 129n43, 137n32, 141n32; and Buddhism, 16; during colonialism, 98, 141n30; discrimination, 15, 85, 117n26, 118n28, 121n52, 139n10 (see also Siyam Nikāya); and language, 8, 117n26, 118n28; stratification, 118n28; tensions between 6–9. See also Batgama caste; Beravā caste; Goyigama caste; Salāgama caste Catholicism: recruitment in, 126n22 Christianity: and Buddhism, 121n53; conversion of Buddhists to, 139n8 citta, 112n10; as emotional center, xxv Collins, Steven, xxiii, 13, 49, 113n18 communities of practice, 76, 77–78, 81; and active learning, 77; versus textual studies, 77–78 compassion (karuṇā), 16, 36, 49 contingent conjunctures, xxix, 14, 107, 113n20 conversion, religious, 87; anti-conversion bill, 87, 139n9 Cūlavaṃsa, 137n29 Dasadhammasutta, 71–72, 136n19 de Silva, L., 137n29 decline and revival: and monastic education, 17, 123n61; perceptions of, 124n6; relationship to aesthetics, xxiii; and social bonds, 83; as a strategy of legitimation, xxiii, 17, 129n45...

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