Polygamy and Sublime Passion: Sexuality in China on the Verge of Modernity

Index

Index 207 agency, female: in Dream of the Red Chamber sequels, 90, 98; in literature, 2; male fantasies of, 6–7; in passive polygamy, 2–3, 14, 17, 41, 42, 43, 97–98, 141–143; in polygamous order, 1, 6–7, 42; sexual, 146 agency, male, 97–98, 141 analyst (Lacanian concept), 11, 147, 150 An Ji (Tale of Filial Heroes), 90–91, 93, 94, 95, 96–98 beauty-scholar romances, 9–10 Bitao (Traces of the Flowery Moon), 75, 77, 78–79, 124, 174n11 blank male, 12, 13, 26–27, 29, 30, 31, 33–34, 43, 74, 90 Bonds of Karmic Reincarnation (Zaisheng yuan; Chen Duansheng), 140 boundaries, 30; erasure or leveling of, 16, 18, 34, 38, 60, 121–122 boy actresses (dan), 51, 58, 60–61, 64–65, 96, 149 brothels: as businesses, 51, 108, 125; corruption of, 55–56, 69, 77; as cultural refuges, 21, 70, 80, 125, 180n2; decadence, 77; high-class, 50; masters, 84, 90, 100, 132; otherworldliness, 49; as place apart, 102; qing and, 14, 83. See also prostitutes Bu Honglou meng (Patching the Dream of the Red Chamber; Langhuan shanqiao), 44 Butterfly fiction, 70, 150–151 Cao Xueqin. See Dream of the Red Chamber Chang, Eileen (Zhang Ailing), 104, 179nn10, 11, 12 chastity, 39, 50, 61, 146, 151, 152 Chen Duansheng, 21, 140 Chen Sen. See Precious Mirror of Boy Actresses Chen Shaohai. See Honglou fumeng Chen Shiwen, 39 Chen Yinke, 78 Chen Zilong, 22 Chinese civilization: backwardness, 3, 152; centrality, 144–145, 148; crisis, 72, 75, 82, 89–90, 92–93, 149; modernization, 15, 144, 145; paradigmatic change, 101, 115–116, 138, 143–144; purity, 148–149; regeneration, 77–79, 83; remarkable women and, 36 Chow, Rey, 150–151, 152 Christianity, 77, 80. See also Taiping Rebellion cities, 55–56. See also Shanghai Cochran, Terry, 145–147 concubines: childbearing capacity, 6; distinction from courtesans, 5; girls sold as, 32; meaning of term, 208 Index 4; proportion of men having, 2; writers, 141–142. See also prostitutes Confucianism, 35, 79, 115, 151 Courtesan Chambers (Qinglou meng; Yu Da), 84, 85–90, 99, 150 courtesans: and courtly lady, 49–50, 167n3; distinction from concubines, 5; famous, 48, 50; fictional, 51, 71; idealized, 50; otherworldliness, 49, 50; patrons, 48, 49–50, 54, 120–123; poetry about, 51, 52–53, 54; social status, 5. See also prostitutes dan. See boy actresses Dan Minglun, 28 Ding Naifei, 18–19, 151–152 Dong Xun, 92 Dream of the Red Chamber (Honglou meng; Cao Xueqin): comparisons to other novels, 64–65, 88; criticism of, 92, 176n8; female characters, 32, 33–34, 36–37; influence, 31, 55; nostalgia for, 37–39; qing in, 33; sexuality, 32– 33, 40; translocation to Shanghai in Shanghai Dust, 118, 123. See also Jia Baoyu Dream of the Red Chamber sequels, 37–44; female agency, 90, 98; female characters, 43, 165n27; Jia Baoyu characters, 10, 39–40, 41, 42, 121–122, 123; nonsexual intimacies, 121–122; passive polygamy, 41, 42–44; publication, 39, 163n21; two-wife polygyny, 44–45, 46–47 Du Qinyan (Precious Mirror of Boy Actresses), 58–59, 63–64, 66 egalitarianism (equality), 117, 121, 126– 127, 130, 134, 145–147, 170n23, 172n31, 184n17. See also qing 1839 Miscellany (Jihai zashi; Gong Zizhen), 51, 52–54, 66–67 ernü (term), 98 ernü kind of qing, 34–35, 78–79, 85, 92, 99, 148 ernü yingxiong (childlike heroes), 92 Ernü yingxiong zhuan. See Tale of Filial Heroes Europe: Chinese treaties with, 69–70, 77; as enemy, 144–145; troubadour poetry, 50 fallen woman trope, 75–76 fantasy: of cultural destiny, 37; of female agency, 6–7; love, 107, 111, 112, 114; organizing function of, 71, 78, 147–149; of patrons of prostitutes, 102, 111; qing as, 14; of remarkable woman, 21. See also polygamist fantasy feminism, 151–152 Fenglin (Seductive Dreams), 57, 58 Feng Menglong, 18, 19, 29 Fengyue meng. See Seductive Dreams Feng Zhenluan, 28 Feng Zipei (Precious Mirror of Boy Actresses), 62–63 filial bonds, 35, 92, 98 Flower in a Sea of Karma (Niehai hua; Zeng Pu), 129, 135, 146, 181n7 Flowers of Shanghai (Haishanghua liezhuan; Han Bangqing), 100, 101–114, 131; female characters, 101–102, 103, 106–110, 149–150; historical context, 102–103, 104, 150; male characters, 111–114, 115, 128, 133, 179n10; money and business in, 105–106, 108, 113; plot, 103; prostitutepatron relationships, 106–110; publication, 103–104; reality of prostitute’s life, 56, 57–58, 101– 102, 106–110 Fong, Grace, 142 fools (of the brothel...