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Notes Chapter 3: Producing the Greater Mekong Subregion 1. Author field notes, July 2005. 2. Dorothy Solinger, in a work discussed in chapter 5, calls integration of a given region into a broader system Integration I, internal integration within the region Integration II (Solinger 1977). Posed in these terms, I am saying that in the case of the GMS Integration I predominates over Integration II. 3. For a critical discussion of the ADB’s neoclassically oriented trade fetishism—which neglects the crucial issue of production—see Oehlers 2006. 4. It should be noted that border trade is widely thought to be underreported, meaning that official figures presented here could be substantial underestimates. This does not change the argument I present, however, since there is not necessarily a reason to assume that underreporting has increased over the period in question. Indeed, to the contrary, it seems likely that there was at least as much underreporting early in the period—when border trade that had previously been conducted illegally was being newly encouraged—as later on. The key to my argument regarding the growth of border trade and total foreign trade is the rate of increase, and it seems likely that the official figures on border trade—however much they underestimate total volumes— can serve as a crude proxy of that rate of increase. 5. NRIE data for 2005 record about US$1.8 billion in exports, some of which go out of Bangkok, the rest out of Chiang Mai, though the NRIE does not provide data on which exports leave which ports (Northern Region Industrial Estate 2007). 6. Kunming’s population has boomed in the period of liberalization, with the population of the greater metropolitan agglomeration increasing from just under 2 million in 1986 to just under 5 million in 2001 (University of Utrecht Populstat Web site 2008). 7. I do not try to compare absolute values here because of questions about the comparability of data between the three sources. 8. Presentation by ADB economist Jean-Pierre Verbiest at the conference on “Critical Transitions in the Mekong Region,” Chiang Mai, Thailand, 31 January 2007. Chapter 4: Turning Battlefields into Marketplace-Battlefields 1. See the SCG’s Web site, www.siamcement.com (accessed 20 July 2008). 2. Anonymous Thai businessman, interview with the author, 11 December 2004. 3. Anonymous road construction consultants, interview with the author, 11 December 2004. 4. CP Group Web site, www.cpthailand.com (accessed 20 July 2008). 5. Kamol Hengkietisak, “Dhanin Pushes for ‘2 Highs’ Theory,” Bangkok Post, 30 June 2008. 6. Stephen Labaton, “Actions by Donor Raise New Questions about Buying Access to President,” New York Times, 27 December 1996. 172 NoTES To PAGES 78–92 7. CP Group Web site, www.cpthailand.com (accessed 20 July 2008). 8. CP Group Web site, www.cpthailand.com (accessed 20 July 2008); anonymous CP official, interview with the author, 22 June 2005. 9. Anonymous CP official, interview with the author, 22 June 2005. 10. CP Group Web site, www.cpthailand.com (accessed 20 July 2008). 11. Anonymous CP official, interview with the author, 22 June 2005. 12. Saha Union Group Web site, www.sahaunion.co.th (accessed 20 July 2008). 13. “Speedy Demise for Sondhi’s Empire,” The Nation, 12 April 2002. 14. Anonymous Chiang Rai businessman, interview with the author, 24 July 2004. 15. Kalayanee Rudrakanchana, president of Manie Da Ming Co., interview with the author, 27 July 2006. 16. Thai-Chinese Business Center brochure (2005, in Thai). 17. Kalayanee Rudrakanchana, president of Manie Da Ming Co., interview with the author, 27 July 2006. 18. Narong Tananuwat, president of the Chiang Mai Chamber of Commerce, interview with the author, 4 August 2006. 19. Narong Tananuwat, president of the Chiang Mai Chamber of Commerce, interview with the author, 4 August 2006. 20. See, e.g., “Songtaew Tantrum Again,” Chiang Mai City Life, August 2005; “Nui,” Chiang Mai songtaew driver, interview with the author, 27 July 2008. 21. Atsadaporn Kamthai, “Chiang Mai’s New Transport System Popular, But Costs May Force Changes,” The Nation, 20 December 2005; “Nui,” Chiang Mai songtaew driver, interview with the author, 27 July 2008. 22. “Songtaew Cull Begins,” Chiang Mai City Life, February 2005; “Metered Taxis Take to North,” Bangkok Post, 14 August 2005; “Nui,” Chiang Mai songtaew driver, interview with the author, 27 July 2008. 23. “Oi,” Chiang Mai tuk tuk driver, 26 July 2008, “Narin,” Chiang Mai songtaew driver, 27 July 2008, and “Nui,” Chiang Mai songtaew driver, 27 July 2008, interviews with...

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