Celebrity Gods: New Religions, Media, and Authority in Occupied Japan

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Benjamin Dorman New Religions, Media, and Authority in Occupied Japan c e l e b r i t y g o d s celebrity gods NANZAN LIBRARY OF ASIAN RELIGION AND CULTURE editorial advisory board James W. Heisig Okuyama Michiaki Paul L. Swanson Watanabe Manabu Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture Hayashi Makoto Aichi Gakuin University Thomas Kasulis Ohio State University James W. Heisig and John C. Maraldo, eds., Rude Awakenings: Zen, the Kyoto School, and the Question of Nationalism (1995) Jamie Hubbard and Paul L. Swanson, eds., Pruning the Bodhi Tree: The Storm over Critical Buddhism (1997) Mark R. Mullins, Christianity Made in Japan: A Study of Indigenous Move­ ments (1998) Jamie Hubbard, Absolute Delusion, Perfect Buddhahood: The Rise and Fall of a Chinese Heresy (2001) James W. Heisig, Philosophers of Nothingness: An Essay on the Kyoto School (2001) Victor Sōgen Hori, Zen Sand: The Book of Capping Phrases for Kōan Practice (2003) Robert J.J. Wargo, The Logic of Nothingness: A Study of Nishida Kitarō (2005) Paul L. Swanson and Clark Chilson, eds., Nanzan Guide to Japanese Religions (2006) Ruth Fuller Sasaki, trans. and commentator, and Thomas Yūhō Kirchner, ed., The Record of Linji (2009) James W. Heisig, Thomas P. Kasulis, and John C. Maraldo, eds., Japanese Philosophy: A Sourcebook (2011) Benjamin Dorman, Celebrity Gods: New Religions, Media, and Authority in Occupied Japan (2012) Celebrity Gods New Religions, Media, and Authority in Occupied Japan Benjamin Dorman University of Hawai‘i Press honolulu © 2012 University of Hawai‘i Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 17 16 15 14 13 12 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dorman, Benjamin. Celebrity gods : new religions, media, and authority in occupied Japan / Benjamin Dorman. p. cm.—(Nanzan library of Asian religion and culture) Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-8248-3621-4 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Mass media in religion—Japan—History—20th century. 2. Religion and state—Japan—History—20th century. 3. Japan—Religion—20th century. 4. Mass media—Japan—Religious aspects. I. Title. II. Series: Nanzan library of Asian religion and culture. BV652.97.J3D67 2012 201’.7095209044—dc23 2011022202 Acknowledgment is made to the following organizations for permission to reprint images: page 91, Photograph 208-PU-58E, © Still Picture Research Room (National Archives at College Park, MD, USA); pages 138, 141, and 152, © Asahi Shinbun (Tokyo); pages 146, 172, and 193, © Mainichi Shinbun (Tokyo); page 164, © Hokkoku Shinbun (Kanazawa); page 200, © Bungei Shunjū (Tokyo). The design and typesetting for this book were prepared by the Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture. University of Hawai‘i Press books are printed on acid-free paper and meet the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Council on Library Resources. ...