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449 Subject Index Activities Reports, 223, 289–290 AEC. See US Atomic Energy Commission AERONET, 319–320, 440, 443, Plate 64 aerosols, 74, 105, 121, 165, 225–232, 235, 256–257, 259–260, 299–302; AERO Group, 436–438; CLidar, 358; climate, 385–387; cooperative programs, 442–443; Plates 17, 30–32, 71–73; volcanic, 341 Aerosols Group (AERO), 437–438 All-Sky Survey High Resolution Airshower detector (Ashra), 406–407 altitude effects, 160–161, 174, 263, 296, 338, 350, 357, 367 Ames Research Laboratory, 423, Plate 62 Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), 384, 387–388, 429 Applied Physics Corporation (APC) Model 70 Infrared Analyzer, 101, 102, 123, 251; arriving at MLO, 131, 134, 366; breakdown, 187– 188, 190–193, 211; 50th Anniversary of the Global Carbon Dioxide Record Symposium, 377; legacy, 348; operating problems, 156, 164, 252, 256, 262, 328–329; Plates 16, 43–45, 80, 86, 89, 94–95, 103; removed from service, 365–366; shut down by Mauna Loa eruption , 279; temperature sensitivity, 251, 366. See also Keeling, Charles David Array for Microwave Background Anisotropy (AMiBA), 351, 445–446 astronomy. See Mauna Kea; Mauna Loa Solar Observatory atmosphere, 1, 6–7, 10–11, 16, 52, 54, 64 Atmospheric Environment Service (AES), 10, 332, 383, 442, Plate 67 Atmospheric Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, 218 atmospheric transmission, 226–232, 256–257, 260, 271, 277, 302, 399, 432, Plate 21. See also Ellis curve barometer, 13, 16–20, 36, 37, 39, 43, 44 baseline, 7–9, 77–78, 223, 400–401; Observatory Initiative, 345 boardwalks, 3, 9, 245, 274 Brewer spectrophotometer, 332, 383, 435, 442, Plate 67. See also ozone layer Bureau of Standards. See National Bureau of Standards Canadian Ozone and Ultraviolet Measurement Program, 435–436, 442 Cape Kumukahi, 11, 21; Plates 52–53; vandalism, 336–337 Carbon Cycle and Greenhouse Gases (CCGG) Group, 427–430 carbon dioxide (CO2), 1, 3, 6–10, 13, 21–22, 77–78, 88; carbon cycle, 428; data gap, 186–188; discovery of increase, 163; first measurements at MLO jeopardized and delayed, 116–117, 124, 129–130; greenhouse effect, 97; IGY, 94, 96, 98–101, 190; NOAA measurements of, 237–238; NOAA upgrading instrument, 290–291; Plate 79; Scripps budget problems, 239; volcanic contamination, 290, 296. See also Applied Physics Corporation (APC) Model 70 Infrared Analyzer carbon monoxide, 21, 101–102, 344, 356, 428–429 Carbon Tracker, 404 CFCs. See chlorofluorocarbons chart recorder, 65, 102, 143, 174, 251, 252, 289, 317, 386; Plates 18, 43–44; sunlight, recorded by, 120 chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), 7, 275, 304, 377, 400, 428–429, 431 Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (CATS), 431 Page numbers in boldface refer to photographs. Some See also references are to entries in the Name Index. 450 Index CIMEL robotic sun photometer, 314, 320, 337, 440, 443, Plate 64 CIRES. See Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences CLidar (CCD Camera Lidar), 358, 436 climate change, 98, 227, 229–230, 320, 377–378, 385–397, 421, 431 climate models. See computer models Climate Monitoring and Diagnostic Laboratory (CMDL), 298 climate of Hawai‘i, 2–3, 5–8, 24, 28, 112, 114, 163–164 Climategate, 393–396, 398 Cloud Physics Observatory (CPO), 205–206, 214, 220, 220–222, 234, 240, 244–245, Plates 9, 20 clouds, 2, 4–7, 11–12, 24, 85, 105, 112–113, 163, 290; cirrus, 233, 342, 379, 433, 436; cumulus, 6–7, 22, 26, 44, 118, 342, 397, 411; lenticular, 124, 379; orographic, 4, 6 Colorado State University, 334–335, 441 computer era, 222, 245, 256, 261–262, 266–268, 289, 295, 316–317, 339– 341; arrival of e-mail, 316–317, 335; Plates 24, 69, 70, 72 computer models, 385–388, 392, 394, 404, 419 Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), 405–406 cooperative programs, 158, 257, 289, 307, 309, 310, 344, 427, 441–443 Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR), 308, 311, 359, 367–368, 396, 407 Dobson spectrophotometer, 76, 82, 100, 122, 246, 266, 332, 339, 442; annual calibration, 255, 342, 343, 433; calibration procedure, 123, 151–152, 233; Plates 74–76, 82, 87 dust, 8–9, 12, 158, 245, 289, 406–407, 419, 430; Asian, 9, 103, 231, 256– 261, 259, 320, 344, 410; Sunspot, New Mexico, 73, 74, 74–76, 79 Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), 356, 377, 381, 405, 427, 437 earthquake, 222, 278, 330, 336, 371–372 Ellis curve, 226–228, 265, 270–271, 302, 375, 432, Plate 21. See also atmospheric transmission Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA), 200–201, 203...

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