Spirits of the Place: Buddhism and Lao Religious Culture

Index

Index 331 Abhay, Thao Nhouy, 272–274 agriculture: Buddhist novice origins, 203–204; collectivization, 154–159, 165; Laos population engaged in, 8, 203; slash-and-burn, 8, 135, 179, 188, 276n9, 297n59; Sri Lanka, 14 Aijmer, Goran, 35, 36–38 Americans. See United States anatta (“without self”), 13, 177 ancestors: creation by primordial, 38; “divine right” of kings descended from, 34, 36–37; veneration of, 4, 26, 31, 39, 44, 49, 51, 62, 251, 307n39 Angkor, 56, 60, 94, 281n29; devaraja cult, 48–49, 65; Fa Ngum/Lan Xang influences , 34, 41–42, 280n28, 282n36; kingship , 48–49, 280n25; mandala polity, 4, 29, 33 map, 39, 48–50; UNESCO World Heritage Site, 192; Vessantara Jataka, 312n28. See also Cambodia animism. See spirit cults Annam. See Vietnam Anouvong, Chao, 72–75, 163, 166, 286n75, 287nn78, 79, 294n37, 296n51 Anuradhapura, 13–14, 192 Archaimbault, Charles, 37 architecture: French-Lao, 93, 188; vat, 67, 73 art: Anou’s revolt, 286n75; “Cultural Survival in Luang Prabang,” 190; Fa Ngum depictions, 169, 282n35; Lan Xang, 58, 58 photo, 59 photo, 69; Ramayana, 267–269, 268 photo; “socialist realism,” 167 photo, 168; Vessantara Jataka, 58, 58 photo, 59 photo, 212. See also architecture; Buddha images; statues; temples Asoka, Emperor, 13, 39 Atlas of Laos (Sisouphanthong and Taillard ), 8, 205 authenticity, 183, 184, 191, 192–193, 294n40 Avalokitesvara, 63, 283n52 axis mundi: lak muang, 29; Mount Meru, 48; phi shrine, 61; Phra Bang, 47 Ayutthaya, 45–46, 54, 68, 280n28; Fa Ngum/Lan Xang connections, 42, 55–56; Lan Na and, 66, 281n29; mandala polity, 29, 34, 70 ban. See villages Bandaranaike, S.W.R.D., 102 Bangkok, 71, 288n6; Buddhism, 10, 93–94, 97; Chakri dynasty, 71, 72, 76, 81, 243; Lao of Isan, 243–244, 248; mandala polity, 71–75, 77–78, 86, 243; modernization , 76–77, 86, 93, 148, 178, 288n5; nation-state, 80, 243; Thai dialect, 10, 98; Thai monarchy, 100, 173. See also Siam; Thailand Ban Phra Muan, 213–214, 220 basi ceremony, 235, 271–274, 312n32 beauty pageants, 221, 222. See also Miss Lao Berval, Rene de, 105 bhikkhu monks, 13, 193–210, 197 photo, 219, 256, 308n7 bindabath, 197–198, 197 photo, 204, 209, 309nn11, 12 bodhisatta-prince, 40, 211 bodhi tree (Ficus religiosus), 51, 284n54 Bolovens plateau, Lao rebellion, 88, 293n34 bombing. See Second Indochina War/Vietnam War Borobudur stupa, 21–22 Boun Oum, 116–117 bouns (merit-making rites), 115, 125, 205, 210, 211, 305n29; Boun Banfai (rocket festival), 213, 216–217; Boun Phravet, 58, 87, 187, 210–221, 231, 311n22, 312n32; Buddhist ordination, 204–205, 310nn16, 17; elderly attendance, 220–221; PDR and, 144–145, 156–159, 163, 165 Boutsavath,Vongsavath, 114–115 British: Burma, 71, 79, 81, 289n13, 293n32; China, 288n7; French, 79; Geneva conferences , 117; Sri Lanka, 81, 83, 286n70, 289n13 Buddha, 256; Dalada as relic of, 46–47; Gotama, 13, 88; kingship leading to, 40; Maitreya, 40, 49, 88–89; Phra Keo (Emerald Buddha), 67, 70, 71, 73, 99, 286n74 Buddhacization, 255, 256–257; Isan, 243– 251; Lan Xang mandala, 48, 54, 57, 59, 66, 68–71; of minorities, 276n4; Shan, 316n15; spirit cults and, 19, 232–233, 240, 244, 250–258 Buddhadasa, 140, 160 Buddha images: Cambodia, 47–48, 65, 317n18; Lan Xang, 24, 43, 47–51, 55–56, 57, 64, 65–68; Luang Phrabang, 253; Siam, 70–71, 286n74; Sri Lanka, 47, 48, 51, 286n73. See also Phra Bang Buddhavacana (words of the Buddha), 59, 63. See also jatakas Buddhism: Bangkok, 10, 93–94, 97; body conceptions, 319n2; civilizing, 38–39; detachment, 150; diplomatic significance , 145–146; ethnic minorities, 202–203, 310n14; French Laos, 82, 91–98, 294n40; “higher truths,” 45; “inspiriting,” 233, 240, 250–255, 256, 257–258; Lan Na, 14, 32, 284n55; magical power of, 45, 46, 63–64; Mahayana, 7, 9, 21–22, 32, 48–49, 177, 294n41, 303n13; Marxism and, 140, 146–147, 149–150, 159–160, 181–182, 234, 257; millenarian movements, 88–89, 91–92, 293n32; monuments, 3–4, 21–22, 50–51, 94–95; nationalism associated with, 102–107, 123, 128; “official religion” in RLG constitution, 101; pancasila, 39, 193, 247, 266; “purified,” 6, 146, 152–153, 164, 294n40; “rebuddhafication ,” 170, 172–185, 307n44; “reformed” by LPRP , 138–139, 152–153, 164; and science, 181, 293n34; and spirit cults, 6–7, 15–75, 77, 81, 92, 146, 152–153, 159–161, 163, 183, 232–237, 242–244, 247–258, 278n10, 280n28, 283n43, 305n31; supralocality, 81, 112, 214, 246; taxonomy, 106–107; and tourism, 178, 183...