A Word from Our Sponsor: Admen, Advertising, and the Golden Age of Radio

Notes

Notes Introduction 1. The Lucky Strike Program Starring Jack Benny, ‘‘Jack Tries to Reach His Advertising Agency,’’ broadcast on 11 November 1948. 2. Michele Hilmes, Hollywood and Broadcasting: From Radio to Cable (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990), 89; Michele Hilmes, Radio Voices: American Broadcasting, 1922–1952 (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997), 114. 3. Kraft Music Hall, broadcast on 14 December 1942. 4. Michele Hilmes, ‘‘Nailing Mercury,’’ in Jennifer Holt and Alisa Perren, eds., Media Industries: History, Theory, and Method (Malden, Mass.: WileyBlackwell , 2009), 24. 5. Jennifer Holt and Alisa Perren, ‘‘Introduction,’’ in Holt and Perren, eds., Media Industries, 4. The classic statement of the Frankfurt School position is Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno, ‘‘Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception,’’ in M. Durham and D. Kellner, eds., Media and Cultural Studies, 2d ed. (Boston: Blackwell), 41–72. 6. John Hartley, ‘‘From the Consciousness Industry to the Creative Industries ,’’ in Holt and Perren, eds., Media Industries, 232; Ian Connell, ‘‘Fabulous Powers: Blaming the Media,’’ in L. Masterman, ed., Television Mythologies (London: Boyars, 1984). 7. John Thornton Caldwell, Production Culture: Industrial Reflexivity and Critical Practice in Film and Television (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2008). 8. Holt and Perren, ‘‘Introduction,’’ 5; Christine Gledhill, ‘‘Pleasurable Negotiations,’’ in E. Deidre Pribram, ed., Female Spectators: Looking at Film and Television (New York: Verso, 1988). 296 | Notes to pages 3–4 9. John Thornton Caldwell, ‘‘Cultures of Production: Studying Industry’s Deep Texts, Reflexive Rituals, and Managed Self-Disclosure,’’ in Holt and Perren, eds., Media Industries, 201. 10. Alexander Russo, Points on the Dial: Golden Age Radio beyond the Networks (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2010), 7. 11. Stuart Ewen, Captains of Consciousness: Advertising and the Social Roots of the Consumer Culture (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976); Judith Williamson, Decoding Advertisements: Ideology and Meaning in Advertising (London: Marion Boyars, 1978); Charles F. McGovern, Sold American: Consumption and Citizenship, 1890–1945 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006); Katherine J. Parkin, Food Is Love: Advertising and Gender Roles in Modern America (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006); Inger Stole, Advertising on Trial: Consumer Activism and Corporate Public Relations in the 1930s (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2006). 12. Paul Baran and Paul Sweezy, Monopoly Capital (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1966); Raymond Williams, ‘‘Advertising: The Magic System,’’ in Television: Technology and Cultural Form (New York: Schocken Books, 1977). 13. Roland Marchand, Advertising the American Dream: Making Way for Modernity, 1920–1940 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985); Stephen Fox, The Mirror Makers: A History of American Advertising and Its Creators (New York: William Morrow, 1984). 14. David M. Potter, People of Plenty: Economic Abundance and the American Character (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1954). 15. For example, Neil H. Borden, The Economic Effects of Advertising (Chicago: Irwin, 1942); K. Rotzoll, J. Haefner, and C. Sandage, Advertising and Society (Columbus, Ohio: Copywright Grid, 1976). 16. William Leiss, Stephen Kline, Sut Jhally, and Jackie Botterill, Social Communication in Advertising: Consumption in the Mediated Marketplace, 3d ed. (New York: Routledge, 2005). For a view that advertising is a less effective form of social communication than either its critics or practitioners may acknowledge, see Michael Schudson, Advertising, the Uneasy Persuasion: Its Dubious Impact on American Society (New York: Basic Books, 1984). 17. Nick Browne, ‘‘The Political Economy of the Television (Super) Text,’’ in Horace Newcomb, ed., Television: The Critical View (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987). Notes to page 4 | 297 18. Jackson Lears, Fables of Abundance: A Cultural History of Advertising in America (New York: Basic Books, 1994); Jennifer Wicke, Advertising Fictions: Literature, Advertisement, and Social Reading (New York: Columbia University Press, 1988); Ellen Gruber Garvey, The Adman in the Parlor: Magazines and the Gendering of Consumer Culture, 1880s to 1910s (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996). 19. Marchand, Advertising the American Dream; Fox, Mirror Makers; Daniel Pope, The Making of Modern Advertising (New York: Basic Books, 1983); Pamela Walker Laird, Advertising Progress: American Business and the Rise of Consumer Marketing (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998). 20. Caldwell, ‘‘Cultures of Production,’’ 201. 21. Marshall Sahlins, Culture and Practical Reason (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976), 117. 22. Examples of the so-called ‘‘consensus’’ history they reject include Gleason Archer, History of Radio to 1926 (New York: American Historical Society, 1938); William Peck Banning, Commercial Broadcasting Pioneer (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1946). 23. Erik Barnouw’s three-volume history includes A...