Constitutionalism in the Approach and Aftermath of the Civil War

Notes

Notes Introduction / Paul D. Moreno and Johnathan O’Neill 1. Alfred H. Kelly, Winfred A. Harbison, and Herman Belz, The American Constitution: Its Origins and Development, 7th ed. (New York: W. W. Norton, 1991), xix–xx. 2. American Historical Review 19 (1964): 325–52. 3. Keith E. Whittington, Constitutional Construction: Divided Powers and Constitutional Meaning (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999). 4. “Message to Congress,” 4 July 1861, in Abraham Lincoln: His Speeches and Writings, ed. Roy P. Basler (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo, 2001), 608. 5. Kelly, Harbison, and Belz, American Constitution, 63. 6. James M. McPherson, Abraham Lincoln and the Second American Revolution (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991). Prologue: A Second American Revolution? George Washington and the Origins of the Civil War / Jeffry H. Morrison This chapter was improved by suggestions from reviewers for Fordham University Press and Professor Susan Hanssen of the University of Dallas. 1. George Washington, Farewell Address, Sept. 19, 1796, in George Washington: Writings, ed. John Rhodehamel (New York: Library of America, 1997), 963 (hereinafter GWW). 2. Randolph quoted in Catherine Drinker Bowen, Miracle at Philadelphia (Boston: Little, Brown, 1986), 258. Randolph was inverting a phrase of Patrick Henry’s. Henry had said, “The distinction[s] between Virginians and New Englanders are no more. I am not a Virginian but an American.” Henry quoted in Paul Johnson, A History of the American People (New York: HarperCollins, 1997), 148. 3. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, The Federalist Papers, ed. Clinton Rossiter (New York: Penguin, 1961), 323. 4. Thomas Jefferson, Draft of the Kentucky Resolutions, Oct. 1798, in Thomas Jefferson: Writings, ed. Merrill D. Peterson (New York: Library of America, 1984), 449. 5. Washington, Farewell Address, Sept. 19, 1796, in The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745–1799, ed. John C. Fitzpatrick, 39 vols. (Washington : U.S. Government Printing Office, 1931–44), 35:220 (hereinafter WGW). 6. Washington to Patrick Henry, Jan. 15, 1799, in WGW, 37:87–89. 7. Abraham Lincoln, Address to the Young Men’s Lyceum of Springfield, Ill., Jan. 27, 1838, in Abraham Lincoln: Speeches and Writings, ed. Don E. Fehrenbacher, 2 vols. (New York: Library of America, 1989), 1:36 (hereinafter ALW). 8. Lincoln, Message to Congress in Special Session, July 4, 1861, in ALW, 2:259. 9. Lincoln, First Inaugural Address, Mar. 4, 1861, in ALW, 2:217. 224 Notes to pages 12–18 10. Lincoln, Speech in the U.S. House of Representatives on the War with Mexico, Jan. 12, 1848, in ALW, 1:167. 11. GW, Farewell Address, in GWW, 975: “’Tis our true policy to steer clear of permanent Alliances, with any portion of the foreign World. So far, I mean, as we are now at liberty to do it—for let me not be understood as capable of patronising infidility to existing engagements (I hold the maxim no less applicable to public than to private affairs, that honesty is always the best policy).” 12. James Madison, speech of July 14, 1787, in Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention , ed. Adrienne Koch (New York: W. W. Norton, 1987), 295. 13. John Shy, “Franklin, Washington, and a New Nation,” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 131 (1987): 321. 14. Washington to Gov. Robert Hunter Morris, Apr. 9, 1756, in George Washington : A Collection, ed. William B. Allen (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1988), 21 (hereinafter GWC). 15. Washington to George William Fairfax, June 10, 1774, in GWC, 31 (emphasis added). 16. Washington to Bryan Fairfax, Aug. 24, 1774, in GWC, 39. 17. John Marshall quoted in Ron Chernow, Alexander Hamilton (New York: Penguin Press, 2004), 157. 18. Washington to George Mason, Mar. 27, 1779, in WGW, 14:301. 19. Washington to Lund Washington, Aug. 20, 1775, in WGW, 3:433. 20. Washington to Joseph Reed, Dec. 15, 1775, in WGW, 4:165. 21. Washington to Lafayette, June 19, 1788, in WGW, 29:525. 22. See, for example, Jefferson to J. Correa de Serra, Oct. 24, 1820, in Works of Thomas Jefferson, Federal ed., ed. Paul Leicester Ford, 12 vols. (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1904–5), 12:167: “I shall feel, too, the want of your counsel and approbation in what we are doing and have yet to do in our University [of Virginia], the last of my mortal cares, and the last service I can render my country.” 23. Jefferson to George Rogers Clark, Dec. 25, 1780, in Papers of Thomas Jefferson, ed. Julian Boyd et al. (Princeton: Princeton University Press...