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PART II Military Service and Its Impact More graphically than anything else the history of the Army demonstrates the rightness of our views as to the connection between the productive forces and social relations . Altogether the Army is of importance in economic development. E.g. it was in the army of Antiquity that the salaire [wages system] was first developed. . . . Here too the first use of machinery on a large scale. Even the special value of metals and their use as money would seem to have been based originally . . . on their significance in war. Again, the division of labour within a branch was first put into practice by armies. All this, moreover, a very striking epitome of the whole history of civil societies. If you ever have time, you might work the thing out from that point of view. —Karl Marx to Frederick Engels, September 25, 1857 ...

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