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Notes Chapter 1 Defeat of France 1. See Philippe Pétain, Discours aux Français, 17 juin 1940–20 août 1944 (Paris: Albin Michel, 1989), 66; Herbert Lottman, The Left Bank: Writers, Artists , and Politics from the Popular Front to the Cold War (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982), 130; Philippe Burrin, France under the Germans: Collaboration and Compromise, trans. Janet Lloyd (New York: New Press, 1996), 19; Andrew Shennan, The Fall of France (New York: Longman, 2000), 13. 2. Eugen Weber, The Hollow Years: France in the 1930s (New York: Norton, 1994), 11–15, 88–90; Leonard V. Smith, Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau, and Annette Becker, France and the Great War 1914–1918, trans. of French sections by Helen McPhail (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 69–71, 96. 3. Benjamin F. Martin, France and the Après Guerre, 1918–1924: Illusions and Disillusionment (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1999), 18–24; Philippe Bernard and Henri Dubief, The Decline of the Third Republic, 1914–1938, trans. Anthony Forster (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), 93. 4. A point emphasized by Smith, Audoin-Rouzeau, and Becker, France and the Great War, 146–47. 5. Lloyd George quoted in John C. Cairns, ‘‘A Nation of Shopkeepers in Search of a Suitable France, 1919–40,’’ The American Historical Review 79, 3 (June 1974): 713. 6. Weber, The Hollow Years, chap. 2; Julian Jackson, ‘‘1940 and the Crisis of Interwar Democracy in France,’’ in French History since Napoleon, ed. Martin S. Alexander (London: Arnold, 1999), 224–33. 7. Robert Soucy, French Fascism: The Second Wave, 1933–1939 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995), passim and 32 for the number of deaths. 8. Ibid., 108. 212 | Notes to Pages 5–11 9. Julian Jackson, The Popular Front in France: Defending Democracy, 1934–38 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988), chap. 1. 10. Ibid.; Jackson, ‘‘1940 and the Crisis of Interwar Democracy in France,’’ 229–32. 11. William D. Irvine, ‘‘Fascism in France and the Strange Case of the Croix de Feu,’’ The Journal of Modern History 63, 2 (June 1991): 280. 12. Daniel R. Brower, The New Jacobins: The French Communist Party and the Popular Front (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1968), 227–30. 13. On ‘‘True France,’’ see Herman Lebovics, True France: The Wars over Cultural Identity, 1900–1945 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992). 14. Georges Duby and Armand Wallon, eds., Histoire de la France rurale (Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1977), vol. 4, La Fin de la France paysanne depuis 1914, 54–59, 94–95, 360, 375. 15. Maurice Barrès, The Faith of France, trans. Elisabeth Marbury (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1918); Robert Paxton, French Peasant Fascism: Henri Dorge ̀res’s Greenshirts and the Crisis of French Agriculture, 1929–1939 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997). 16. On education, see Jean-Michel Barreau, Vichy contre l’école de la République (Paris: Flammarion, 2000). 17. The best work on this trend in the 1930s is Jean-Louis Loubet del Bayle, Les Non-conformistes des années 30: Une tentative de renouvellement de la pensée politique française (Paris: Seuil, 2001). See also Richard Kuisel, Seducing the French: The Dilemma of Americanization (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), chap. 1. 18. Gérard Noiriel, Les Origines républicaines de Vichy (Paris: Hachette, 1999), 201–4, 257–59. 19. Ibid., 142–48. 20. Vicki Caron, ‘‘The Politics of Frustration: French Jewry and the Refugee Crisis in the 1930s,’’ Journal of Modern History 65, 2 (June 1993): 311–56; Denis Peschanski, La France des camps: L’internement 1938–1946 (Paris: Gallimard , 2002), 40. 21. Vicki Caron, Uneasy Asylum: France and the Jewish Refugee Crisis, 1933–1942 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999), 189, 197–99; 99 and 289 for the quotes. 22. Alice Kaplan, The Collaborator: The Trial and Execution of Robert Brasillach (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), 24–26. See also Simon Epstein, Les Dreyfusards sous l’Occupation (Paris: Albin Michel, 2001), 16, 338. [44.213.99.37] Project MUSE (2024-03-19 06:40 GMT) Notes to Pages 11–17 | 213 23. Weber, The Hollow Years, 19. 24. Ibid., 24. 25. R. J. B. Bosworth, Italy, the Least of the Great Powers: Italian Foreign Policy before the First World War (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1979). 26. Pierre Guillen, ‘‘Franco-Italian Relations in Flux, 1918–1940,’’ in French Foreign and Defence Policy, 1918–1940, ed. Robert Boyce (New York: LSE/ Routledge, 1998), 149–63; Robert J. Young, In Command of France: French...