The New Wounded: From Neurosis to Brain Damage

Notes

217 n o t e s preamble 1. Marcel Proust, Sodom and Gomorrah, trans. and intro. John Sturrock (New York: Penguin Books, 2002), 159–160. 2. “ . . . we suddenly find ourselves able to perceive our own absence.” Marcel Proust, Guermantes’ Way (New York: Penguin Books, 2005), 134. 3. Le livre noir de la psychanalyse: Vivre, penser, et aller mieux sans Freud, ed. Catherine Meyer, Mikkel Borch-Jakobsen, Didier Pleux, and Jacques van Rillaer (Paris: Éditions des Arènes, 2005). 4. I am thinking, for example, of Gérard Pommier, Comment les neurosciences démontrent la psychanalyse (Paris: Flammarion, 2004), or of François Ansermet and Pierre Magistretti, The Biology of Freedom: Neural Plasticity, Experience, and the Unconscious, trans. Susan Fairfield (New York: Other Press, 2007). 5. See Catherine Malabou, What Should We Do with Our Brain?, trans. Sebastian Rand (New York: Fordham University Press, 2008). 6. Bruno Bettelheim, The Empty Fortress (New York: Free Press, 1967), 8. 7. Guillaume Apollinaire, “The New Spirit and the Poets,” in Symbolist Art Theories, ed. Henri Dorra (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995), 311. introduction 1. Sigmund Freud, The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, ed. and trans. James Strachey (London: Hogarth Press, 1950), 7:279. [Hereafter abbreviated as SE.] 2. Olivier Postel-Vinay, “Le cerveau et l’amour,” La Recherche 3 (November 2004): 32–39. 3. Mark Solms and Oliver Turnbull, The Brain and the Inner World: An Introduction to the Neuroscience of Subjective Experience (New York: Other Press, 2002), 116. 218 Notes to pages 3–12 4. Jean-Didier Vincent, Biologie des passions (Paris: Odile Jacob, 2002), 317. 5. The term “endogenous” characterizes something that emerges within the body or within an organism, what derives from an internal cause. To the contrary, the term “exogenous” designates what intervenes from the outside and results from external causes. 6. Paul Ricoeur, Freud and Philosophy, trans. Denis Savage (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970), 65–67. 7. The German word for “traumatism” is Trauma, which is the term that Freud employs. I will use “trauma” and “traumatism” interchangeably. [Since, in English, the word “trauma” covers both “trauma” and “traumatism,” and since the author uses these terms interchangeably, I have simply translated both using the word “trauma.”—Trans.] 8. Freud, SE, 18:12. The same affirmation is repeated later in the text (33): “a gross physical injury caused simultaneously by the trauma diminishes the chances that a neurosis will develop.” 9. Freud, SE, 17:210. 10. Ibid., 212. 11. Ibid., 207. 12. Ibid., 208. 13. Freud, SE, 3:193. 14. Freud, SE, 7:275. 15. Ibid. 16. Freud, SE, 18:12. 17. Ibid. 18. Ibid. 19. [The French word événementiel is notoriously difficult to translate. Throughout this text, in accordance with current practice, I have primarily translated it using the serviceable but less-than-satisfying neologism “evental.” Likewise, I have translated événementialité as “eventality.” In order to avoid overuse of this word, however, I have often translated Malabou’s expression régime événementiel simply as “regime of events.”—Trans.] 20. Freud, SE, 4:185n. 21. Freud, SE, 3:274. 22. This phrase appears in “Introduction to ‘The Psychoanalysis of War Neurotics,’” SE, 17:210. 23. Antonio Damasio, The Feeling of What Happens (San Diego: Harcourt, 1999), 13–15. 24. Mark Solms is author of two particularly relevant works: A Moment of Transition: Two Neuroscientific Articles by Sigmund Freud (with Michael Saling), (London: Karnac Books, 1990), and The Neuropsychology of Dreams: A ClinicoAnatomical Study (Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1997). See also Notes to pages 12–13 219 an article recently published in French, “Psychanalyse et neurosciences,” in Pour la science, October 2004, 77–81. 25. Neuropsychoanalysis is a strain of thought that has given rise in the UnitedStatestoaninternationalsociety(TheInternationalNeuropsychoanalysis Society) and the publication of a journal, Neuropsychoanalysis. This movement has brought together many of the best known neuroscientists in the world today, such as Antonio Damasio, Erik Kandell (Nobel Prize for Medicine, 2000), Joseph LeDoux, and Benjamin Libet, just to name a few. In France, the psychoanalysts, psychiatrists, neuropsychologists, and neurobiologists who are most interested in this concept are primarily André Green, Daniel Widlöcher (presently, the director of the Association psychanalyse et psychothérapie [APEP]), Sylvain Missonier, Jean-Pol Tassin, Nicolas Georgieff, and Marc Jeannerod. 26. At the Hôpital de la Salpêtrière in Paris, a group of neuropsychologists, psychiatrists...