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227 notes R Abbreviations Used in Notes CASS Canadian American Slavic Studies CMRS Cahiers du Monde russe et soviétique EPAIVE Ezhegodnik po agrarnoi istorii vostochnoi Evropy IHR International History Review IZ Istoricheskie Zapiski JEEH Journal of European Economic History JfGO Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas JIH Journal of Interdisciplinary History PSZ Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi Imperii RA Russkii Arkhiv RES Revue des Études Slaves RGADA Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv drevnikh aktov RGIA Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi istoricheskii arkhiv RGVIA Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi voenno-istoricheskii arkhiv RH Russian History RR Russian Review RS Russkaia Starina SEER Slavonic and East European Review SIRIO Sbornik imperatorskogo rossiiskogo istoricheskogo obshchestva SPFIRI. RAN Sankt-Peterburgskii Filial Instituta Rossiiskoi Istorii. Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk SR Slavic Review TVEO Trudy Vol’nogo Ekonomicheskogo Obshchestva VI Voprosy Istorii Archival citations are given in the following form: fond (“category” or “collection,” abbreviated f.), delo (“file” or “matter,” abbreviated d.), and list (“sheet,” abbreviated l.). The abbreviation ob., for oborot, has been used when necessary to indicate the verso of a numbered page. The abbreviation op., for opis’ (“inventory”), has been used when necessary to indicate a specific listing of archival holdings. iNtrodUctioN 1. On China, see Pierre-Étienne Will and R. Bin Wong, with James Lee, Nourish the People: The State Granary System in China, 1650–1850, Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies, vol. 60 (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Center for Chinese Studies, 1991). On ancient Greece and Rome, see Moses Finley, The Ancient Economy (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973); Geoffrey Rickman, The Corn Supply of Ancient Rome (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980). On Constantinople, see Fernand Braudel, The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II, 2 vols. (New York: Harper and Row, 1972), 1:348–51. On medieval and renaissance Europe, see A. B. Hibbert, “The Economic Policies of Towns,” in The Cambridge Economic History of Europe, vol. 3, Economic Organization and Policies in the Middle Ages, ed. M. Postan, E. E. Rich, and Edward Miller (Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1963), 157–229; and Braudel, Mediterranean, 1:328–30. The French monarchy’s heavy involvement in provisioning Paris is described in great detail in two books by Steven L. Kaplan, Bread, Politics, and Political Economy in the Reign of Louis XV (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1976) and Provisioning Paris: Merchants and Millers in the Grain and Flour Trade during the Eighteenth Century (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1984). Two significant articles on the political and social importance of the grain supply in eighteenth-century France are O. H. Hufton, “Social Conflict and the Grain Supply in Eighteenth Century France,” JIH 14 (1983): 303–31; and Louise Tilly, “Food Entitlement, Famine, and Conflict,” JIH 14 (1983): 333–49. For a broader European perspective and information on other states, see Charles Tilly, “Food Supply and Public Order in Modern Europe,” in The Formation of National States in Western Europe, ed. Charles Tilly (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1975), 380–455. 2. Orlando Figes, A Peoples’ Tragedy: A History of the Russian Revolution (New York: Viking , 1996), 307–8; Lars Lih, Bread and Authority in Russia, 1914–1921 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), 66–69. 3. Carol Belkin Stevens, Soldiers on the Steppe: Army Reform and Social Change in Early Modern Russia (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1995), 92–95. 4. Two outstanding examples, one Russian and one not, are L. V. Milov, Velikorusskii pakhar’ i osobennosti rossiiskogo istoricheskogo protsessa (Moscow, 2006), on peasant agriculture; and Dominic Lieven, Russia against Napoleon (New York: Viking, 2009), on war and diplomacy from 1812 until 1815. 5. Willard Sunderland, Taming the Wild Field: Colonization and Empire on the Russian Steppe (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2004), 55–95. 6. David L. Ransel, A Russian Merchant’s Tale: The Life and Adventures of Ivan Alekseevich Tolchenov, Based on His Diary (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009), xix. 7. Ester Kingston-Mann, In Search of the True West: Culture, Economics, and Problems of Russian Development (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1999), 34–60. 8. Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time (1944; repr., Boston: Beacon, 1957); A. V. Chayanov, A. V. Chayanov and the Theory of Peasant Economy, ed. and trans. D. Thorner, R. E. F. Smith, and B. Kerblay (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1986). 9. George Munro, “Feeding the Multitudes: Grain Supply to St. Petersburg in the Era of Catherine the Great,” JfGO 35 (1987): 481–508; L. N. Semenova, “Snabzhenie khlebom...

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