Race and the Chilean Miracle: Neoliberalism, Democracy, and Indigenous Rights

Acknowledgments

ix Acknowledgments Iexpress my heartfelt appreciation to all Mapuche and Chileans who participated in this study. It is my sincere hope that this book might contribute, in however small a way, to new forms of understanding in southern Chile. Special thanks go to Jose Alywin, Álvaro Bello, Gabriela Calfucoy, Jaqueline Caniguan, Sergio Caniuqueo, Serena Cosgrove, Ximena Cuadra, Chris Cuomo, Kirsten Dellinger, Melissa Forbis, Susan Franceschet, Charlie Hale, Diane Haughney, Lynn Horton, Jeff Jackson, José Mariman, Eduardo Mella, Rosamel Millaman, Anita Millaquen, Millaray Painemal, Wladimir Painemal , Yun-Joo Park, Amy Ross, Alfredo Seguel, Carolijn Terwindt, Gwynn Thomas, Marcos Valdés, Heinrich Von Baer, Sarah Warren, and Christine Williams—all of whom contributed to this work by reading drafts, commenting on talks, clarifying events, taking the time for conversation, and bestowing friendship. Audiences at talks at the University of Georgia, the University of Mississippi , the University of Texas at Austin, and the Universidad Católica de Temuco contributed to the book’s development with incisive comments and observations. I received essential institutional and collegial support from the Observatorio Ciudadano, the Department of Anthropology at the Universidad Católica de Temuco, and the Universidad de la Frontera. Magaly Ortiz transcribed the interviews. My research assistant, Jeff Gardner, provided support in bringing this manuscript into publishable shape. Grants from the Exposition Foundation, the Willson Center for Humanities and Arts at the University of Georgia, and the University of Georgia Research Foundation funded this project. Anonymous reviewers for the University of Pittsburgh Press gave incredibly attuned and helpful comments that vastly improved the manuscript. Acquisitions editor Joshua Shanholtzer and managing editor Alex Wolfe provided crucial guidance. Bill Nelson drew the map. Copyeditor Amy Smith Bell was a pleasure to work with, and her expertise has made this book infinitely more readable. Portions of chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 were published as “Of Indians and Terrorists: How the State and Local Elites Construct the Mapuche in Neoliberal Multicultural Chile,” Journal of Latin American Studies 42 (2010): 59–90, and are included here with permission of the journal and its publisher, Cambridge University Press. Material from all chapters previously appeared in different form in Patricia Richards and Jeffrey A. Gardner, “Still Seeking Recognition: Mapuche Demands, State Violence, and Discrimination in Democratic Chile,” Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies 8 (2013, doi:10.1080/17442222.2013.779063), and is included here with grateful acknowledgment. Very special thanks goes to Eduardo Rapiman for permission to use his painting Purrún for the cover of this book. Last but not least, I thank Oscar Chamosa for his perceptive comments and criticisms, his flair for style, his nearly limitless patience, and his loving encouragement. I also thank Menina, for bringing us joy. x Acknowledgments xi Abbreviations CAM Coordinadora de Comunidades Mapuche en Conflicto Arauko-Malleko (Arauko-Malleko Coordinating Organization for Mapuche Communities in Conflict) CASEN Encuesta de Caracterización Socioeconómica Nacional (National Socioeconomic Characterization Survey) CITEM Coordinación de Identidades Territoriales Mapuche (Mapuche Territorial Identities Coordinating Organization) CMPC Compañía Manufacturera de Papeles y Cartones (Paper and Cardboard Manufacturing Company; parent company of Mininco Timber Company) COM Coordinación de Organizaciones Mapuches (Coordination of Mapuche Organizations) CONADI Corporación Nacional de Desarollo Indígena (National Indigenous Development Agency) CONAF Corporación Nacional Forestal (National Forestry Agency) CORA Corporación de Reforma Agraria (Agrarian Reform Agency) COREMA Comisión Regional de Medio Ambiente (Regional Environment Commission) CORFO Corporación de Fomento de la Producción (Economic Development Agency) CORMA Corporación Chilena de la Madera (Chilean Wood Association ) IACHR Inter-American Commission on Human Rights IDB Inter-American Development Bank INDAP Instituto Nacional de Desarrollo Agropecuario (National Agricultural Development Agency) LYD Libertad y Desarrollo (Liberty and Development; a conservative think tank) MCR Movimiento Campesino Revolucionario (Revolutionary Peasant Movement) MIDEPLAN Ministerio de Planificación (Ministry of Planning Social Development) MIR Movimiento de Izquierdista Revolucionaria (Revolutionary Left Movement) PRODESAL Programa de Desarollo Local (Local Development Program) SERNATUR Servicio Nacional de Turismo (National Tourism Service) xii Abbreviations Race and the Chilean Miracle P A C I F I C O C E A N N Bío-Bío Map Area 0 0 40 60 20 80 km 30 40 20 10 50 mi CHILE Boundaries of Región de la Araucanía LEBU LOS ALAMOS CAÑETE CONTULMO TIRÚA MULCHÉN QUILACO ALTO BÍO...