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241 Glossary Words in Mapudungun and Spanish ad: guidance for the relationship between people and the environment admapu: ancestral traditions, laws, and norms of the Mapuche Araucanía: ancestral Mapuche territory; now the name of the ninth administrative region of Chile Araucanos: the Mapuche, as called by the Spanish conquistadors asistencialismo: a social system dominated by reliance on state subsidies and programs atentado: attack on colonos’ or Chileans’ property, purportedly committed by Mapuche auto-atentados: self-attacks, or the suggestion that some atentados were staged by colonos or timber plantation guards boleadoras: Mapuche slingshots botada: left to waste; often used to suggest that Mapuche lands were left messy and abandoned campesino: peasant colonos: descendants of European settlers who immigrated to the Araucanía after the Pacificación comuna: municipality, in the cases addressed in this book, usually made up of a small town and surrounding rural areas comuneros: community members consejero/a: municipal councilman or councilwoman convivencia: coexistence corridas de cercos: running fences; shifting the location of a fence so as to appropriate part of a neighbor’s property as one’s own Frontera: the border between Mapuche and Chilean territory; also used to refer to the Araucanía more generally fundos: medium- to large-scale farms Gulumapu: Mapuche territory west of the Andes (the Chilean side) Indio: Indian, often used pejoratively inquilinaje: tenant farming inquilinos: tenant farmers insurrecto: insurrectionary intendente: the top regional authority, appointed by the president itrofil mogen: all of the life that exists in the universe; biodiversity juzgados de indios: the court system set up in 1930 to deal with Mapuche land and property latifundistas: large-scale landowners lonko: leader; literally “head” in Mapudungun machi: Mapuche shamans/healers/spiritual leaders Mapudungun: the Mapuche language mediería: half-sharing of various sorts mestizaje: an assimilationist ideology of cultural and racial mixing between those of indigenous, European, and African descent mestizo: an identity based on the ideology of mestizaje Mirista: member of the Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria mucho mosto, mucha música y poca pólvora: “a lot of alcohol and music and a little gunpowder ,” an expression attributed to Cornelio Saavedra, commanding general of the Pacificación Nuke Mapu: Mother Earth Pacificación: Pacification; the war waged by Chile against the Mapuche in the midto late 1800s parlamentos: Encounters at which Mapuche and Spanish (and later Chilean) authorities established agreements regarding borders and other conditions of peace; also refers to the agreements themselves, which can be considered treaties between sovereign nations permitido: authorized Pewenche: Mapuche who reside in the cordillera Puelmapu: Mapuche territory east of the Andes (the Argentine side) rakiduam: autochthonous thought; reflection reducciones: land reductions rewe: wooden altar belonging to a machi ruka: traditional Mapuche home, usually with walls of adobe or coliwe (native bamboo ) branches, a thatch roof, and an open hearth tierras antiguas: ancestral lands títulos de merced: deeds that established the lands that would belong to the Mapuche after the Pacificación trabajar a medias: to half-share trawun: meeting; encounter Wallmapu: Mapuche nation and territory; includes people and territory on both sides of the Andes We Tripantu: Mapuche New Year, celebrated near the Southern Hemisphere’s winter solstice in late June winka: sometimes wingka or wigka, refers to outsiders, all nonindigenous Chileans; etymology thought to be we (new) + inka (Inca); often carries negative connotation of usurper or thief 242 Glossary ...

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