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287 index abstraction, x, 4–5, 4n3, 52–53, 74n51, 93, 105, 148; as a mental process, 19–23, 28; as a mental product/synonym for “concept”, 22–23; definition of the process of, 12n31, 20, 21n29; involved in which stage of concept-formation, 20–24. See also concept-formation; concepts; measurement-omission abstractionism, 4–5, 19, 28. See also abstraction abstractions from abstractions, 24, 78, 116; narrowings or subdivisions as, 24, 24n33, 59, 157–58; widenings as, 24, 24n33, 59; cross-classifications, 59. See also concept-formation, hierarchical order of; first-level concepts actions, 56–57; awareness of in forming entity concepts, 57, 66–67; concepts of, 20, 117n10. See also causality; characteristics ; entities acquaintance, 233, 234n5, 238n7, 242. See also consciousness; perception, as a direct form of awareness Adrian, E.D., 169–71, 179–80 adverbial theory of perception, 47n10 agnosia, visual object, 7n8. See also perception ; hallucination Alberts, B., et al., 171 Alston, W., x, xii, 87nn2–3, 88–92, 91n7, 97, 97n16, 104n21, 107–8, 108nn25–26, 215, 215n1, 217n4, 219, 221–23, 223n11, 225, 249–51, 255, 255n5, 267. See also appearing, theory of analytic-synthetic distinction, 16, 32–33, 32n47, 34n52, 71, 155–56. See also concepts, meaning of; concepts, open-end reference of; definitions, as distinct from the meaning of the concept Anglin, J., 58n22 analogy, 81 anti-conceptual mentality, 72n46. See also concrete-bound mentality appearance (perceptual), 89, 96, 98–99, 101–2, 101n18, 216–17, 217n4, 220–21, 223n11, 242–44, 247–50, 248n1, 253–54, 259–61; conceptualization of and judgment about, 107–8; definable vs. undefinable, 249–51. See also form vs. object of awareness; sensory qualities appearing, theory of, x, xii, 89–90, 97, 97n16, 215–17, 215n1, 218, 220–25, 223n10, 224n13, 251. See also Alston, W.; direct realism/ presentationalism (about perception) a priori and a posteriori knowledge, 155–56 Aquinas, T., 46, 46n7 Aquapendente, F., 130n27 Arabatzis, T., 208, 208n6 288 ■ INDEX arbitrary assertion, 69n37, 83. See also belief; evidence; judgment Aristotle: 14n17, 15n20, 31n46, 35, 35n54, 38, 65n31, 73, 74n51, 93, 118–19, 122n18, 172n5, 204; History of Animals, 14n18, 38n59, 130n27; Parts of Animals, 15n20, 38n59; Topics, 31n46; Posterior Analytics, 31n46. See also measurement-omission; realism (about universals) artifacts, concepts of, 153–54. See also abstractions from abstractions atom (concept of), 186, 192–97, 203, 206–9, 206n4. See also conceptual development attributes, awareness of in formation of concepts of entities, 21n32, 24n35, 56–57; concepts of, 15, 21n29, 21n31, 24–25, 56–57, 56n19, 117n10. See also characteristics; “Conceptual Common Denominator” (CCD); entities, concepts of Austin, J., 8n8, 49, 254n3 Avogadro, A., 193–94, 194n8 awareness. See acquaintance; consciousness; knowledge axiomatic concepts, 30n44, 61n25, 73n49, 76 axiomatic knowledge, 75n53, 80n57 Ayers, M., 245 Barnes, W., 215n1 Bateson, W., 198n16 Bayer, B., xii–iii, 5n5, 48n14, 54, 58n22, 75n52, 88n4, 94n14, 255nn4–5 Berkeley, G., 230n20, 219n5. See also idealism ; nominalism (about universals) belief, 42–43, 254, defined, 64. See also fallibility , of beliefs/judgments; judgment; knowledge Binswanger, H., 5n7, 16, 46n6, 239n9 Bloch, C., 180 Bogen, J., xi–ii, 34n50, 173–76, 173n1, 174n2, 176n4, 179–81 Bonevac, D., 108n26 BonJour, L., 108, 255n4 borderline case problem, 17n20, 37–39, 39n61. See also nominalism (about universals); similarity Boyd, R., 9n11, 118n12 Brewer, B., xii, 8n8, 9n8, 88n4, 94n14, 215n1, 226, 228–30, 228n2, 232–34, 236–37, 240, 242n1, 247–48, 256–66 Brigandt, I., 141, 152, 206n3 Brock, T., 211n8 Brown, R., 146 Burian, R., xi, 5n4, 117n8, 121, 121n16, 192, 196n14, 198n16, 201–11 Campbell, J., xii, 88n4, 94n14, 215n1, 226, 228–36, 228n2, 239–40, 243–45 Carey, S., 115n5 Carlson, E., 197–98 causal theory of perception, 86. See also representationalism/indirect realism (about perception); perception causal theory of reference, 186–87. See also natural kinds; realism (about universals) causality, 68; and concept-formation, 211; concept of, 65n31; perception of, 47, 48n22, 66. See also actions; axiomatic concepts; fundamentality; induction Chadwick, J., 195 characteristics, 66; concepts of, 58, 58n22, 68n34, 73n47; defined, 58n21; included in meaning of entity concepts, 117–19, 155–56, 205; perception of, 58, 91–93, 95. See actions; attributes; concepts, openend reference of; “Conceptual Common Denominator” (CCD); distinguishing characteristics; entities; relations Charles, D., 31n46, 35n54, 122n18 Chisholm, R., 47n10 choice. See volition Coffey, P., 20n31, 215n1 coherentism (about epistemic justification), 74–75. See also foundationalism; “Myth of the Given”; perception, as the foundation of knowledge colors, concepts of, 12, 14, 29, 262n9, 265; perception of...

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