Speaking Soviet with an Accent: Culture and Power in Kyrgyzstan

Illustrations

70 71 Baken Kydykeeva in the film Mother Earth. Actress and Soviet heroine (1923-1994). The photographers: Alimjan M. Jorobaev and Alexander P. Fedorov of A & A Studio, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. (Opposite, top) Sabira Kumushalieva. Actress and Soviet heroine (1917-2007). The photographers: Alimjan M. Jorobaev and Alexander P. Fedorov of A & A Studio, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. (Opposite, bottom) Darkul Kuiukova in the play Toktogul. Actress and Soviet heroine (1919-1997). The photographers: Alimjan M. Jorobaev and Alexander P. Fedorov of A & A Studio, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. 72 Chingiz Aitmatov. A. S. Ostashev lithograph, 1975. Source: A. S. Ostashev and T. Kashirskaya. Na materinskom pole: Proizvedeniia Chingiza Aitmatova v kirgizskoi grafike, Frunze: Izdatel’stvo “Kyrgyzstan,” 1978. 73 Duishon and pupils. A. S. Ostashev lithograph, 1970. Duishon is a character in the Chingiz Aitmatov story, First Teacher. Source: A. S. Ostashev and T. Kashirskaya. Na materinskom pole: Proizvedeniia Chingiza Aitmatova v kirgizskoi grafike, Frunze: Izdatel’stvo “Kyrgyzstan,” 1978. 74 A school in the village of Tököldösh, near the capital, Frunze, 1924. The photographer is unknown. Source: Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv kinophotodokumentov Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki (Central State Archive of Film and Photography of the Kyrgyz Republic), Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. The new alphabet, 1928. Kyrgyz schoolchildren are welcoming the new Latin alphabet . The location and the photographer are unknown. Source: Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv kinophotodokumentov Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki (Central State Archive of Film and Photography of the Kyrgyz Republic), Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. 75 S. A. Chuikov, titled Mal’chik s pyboi (Boy with fish), 1929. Source: Ol’ga Petrovna Popova, ed. Izobrazitel’noe iskusstvo Kirgizskoi SSR, Moscow: Sovetskii khudozhnik, 1974. 76 77 A. B. Osmonov, Nan dükönündö (At the bakery), 1939. Source: Ol’ga Petrovna Popova, ed. Izobrazitel’noe iskusstvo Kirgizskoi SSR, Moscow: Sovetskii khudozhnik, 1974. (Opposite, top) Gulbara Baidalieva in 1937. A garment factory worker (on the right), who became a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of Kyrgyz SSR, at training on liquidation of illiteracy. The photographer: S. Harchenko. Source: Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv kinophotodokumentov Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki (Central State Archive of Film and Photography of the Kyrgyz Republic), Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. (Opposite, bottom) Bukvar’ in 1939. A basic literacy primer for learning the alphabet. The location is unknown. The photographer: V. Serdiyukov. Source: Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv kinophotodokumentov Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki (Central State Archive of Film and Photography of the Kyrgyz Republic), Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. 78 Club of a millionaire collective farm named after Stalin, Suzak village, Jalal Abad oblast. The photographer: Vilchinsky, 1941. Source: Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv kinophotodokumentov Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki (Central State Archive of Film and Photography of the Kyrgyz Republic), Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. (Opposite, top) Reading newspapers, 1948. The location and photographer are unknown. Source: Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv kinophotodokumentov Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki (Central State Archive of Film and Photography of the Kyrgyz Republic), Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. (Opposite, bottom) Kalyibübü Jumakadyrova, 1948. The best pupil of Cholpon secondary school # 4 with her ninety-year old illiterate grandmother Kozubekova Kalyibübü who is interested in reading. Kalyibübü reads to her grandmother every day. The photographer: Kurmanov. Source: Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv kinophotodokumentov Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki (Central State Archive of Film and Photography of the Kyrgyz Republic), Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. 79 80 Club named after Kirov, Suzak district, Osh oblast. The photographer: Panov, 1953. Source: Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv kinophotodokumentov Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki (Central State Archive of Film and Photography of the Kyrgyz Republic), Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. New building of the House of Culture for a mine’s manufacturing plant, village of Bourda, Bystrovka district, 1955. The photographer is unknown. Source: Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv kinophotodokumentov Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki (Central State Archive of Film and Photography of the Kyrgyz Republic), Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. 81 House of Culture at the Issyk Kul cement plant. The photographer: Chetvergov, 1958. Source: Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv kinophotodokumentov Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki (Central State Archive of Film and Photography of the Kyrgyz Republic), Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Club of Zhdanov collective farm, Aravan district, Osh oblast. The photographer: Borisov, 1958. Source: Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv kinophotodokumentov Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki (Central State Archive of Film and Photography of the Kyrgyz Republic), Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. 82 A. A. Sgibnev, Kara-Suiskii ugol’nii razrez (Kara-Suu...