Urban Rivers: Remaking Rivers, Cities, and Space in Europe and North America

Notes

243 inTrODUCTiOn 1. On the commission, see James Winter, Secure from Rash Assault: Sustaining the Victorian Environment (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), 118. 2. Neil Smith, Uneven Development: Nature, Capital, and the Production of Space (Athens : University of Georgia Press, 1984). 3. Richard White, The Organic Machine: The Remaking of the Columbia River (New York: Hill and Wang, 1995). 4. Paul Stanton Kibel, ed., Rivertown: Rethinking Urban Rivers (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2007); Mark Cioc, The Rhine: An Eco-Biography (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2002), 173–230; Timothy M. Collins, Edward K. Muller, and Joel A. Tarr, “Pittsburgh’s Three Rivers: From Industrial Infrastructure to Environmental Asset,” in Rivers in History: Perspectives on Waterways in Europe and North America, ed. Christoph Mauch and Thomas Zeller (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2008), 41–62. 5. Anne Chin, “Urban Transformation of River Landscapes in a Global Context ,” Geomorphology 79, no. 3–4 (September 2006): 460–87; Michael J. Paul and Judy L. Meyer, “Streams in the Urban Landscape,” Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 32 (2001): 333–65. 6. Martin Melosi, The Sanitary City: Urban Infrastructure in America from Colonial Times to the Present (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000); Jean-Pierre Goubert, La conquête de l’eau: L’avènement de la santé à l’âge industriel (Paris: Hachette, 1986); Christopher Hamlin, A Science of Impurity: Water Analysis in Nineteenth-Century Britain (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990); Matthew Gandy, Concrete and Clay: Reworking Nature in New York City (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2002); Erik Swyngedouw, Social Power and the Urbanization of Water: Flows of Power (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004); Maria Kaika, City of Flows: Modernity, Nature, and the City (New York: Routledge 2005). 7. Harold L. Platt, Shock Cities: The Environmental Transformation and Reform of Manchester and Chicago (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005); Craig Colten , Unnatural Metropolis. Wresting New Orleans from Nature (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2005); Arn Keeling, “Urban Waste Sinks as a Natural Resource: The Case of the Fraser River,” Urban History Review / Revue d’histoire urbaine 34 (2005): 58–70; Matthew Kingle, The Emerald City. An Environmental History nOTes of Seattle (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007); Sarah S. Elkind, Bay Cities and Water Politics: The Battle for Resources in Boston and Oakland (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1998); Sabine Barles and Laurence Lestel, “The Nitrogen Question: Urbanization, Industrialization, and River Quality in Paris, 1830–1939,” Journal of Urban History 33, no. 5 (2007): 794–812; Jamie Benidickson, The Culture of Flushing: A Social and Legal History of Flushing (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2007); Stéphane Castonguay and Dany Fougères, “Les rapports riverains de la ville: Sherbrooke et ses usages des rivières Magog et Saint-François au 19e-20e siècle,” Urban History Review / Revue d’histoire urbaine 36 (2007): 3–15. 8. Goubert, La conquête de l’eau; Georges Vigarello, Le sain et le malsain: Santé et mieux-être depuis le Moyen Âge (Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1993); Michèle Dagenais, “At the Source of a New Urbanity: Water Networks and Power Relations in Montreal in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century,” in Metropolitan Natures: Urban Environmental Histories of Montreal, ed. Stéphane Castonguay and Michèle Dagenais (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2011), 101–14; Patrick Joyce, The Rule of Freedom: Liberalism and the Modern City (London: Verso, 2003). 9. William Cronon, Nature’s Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West (New York: Norton, 1991); Steven Stoll, Fruits of Natural Advantage: Making the Industrial Countryside in California (Berkeley: University of California Press 1998); Joel Tarr and Clay McShane, “Urban Horses and Changing City-Hinterland Relationships in the United States,” in Resources of the City: Contributions to an Environmental History of Modern Europe, ed. Dieter Schot, Bill Luckin, and Geneviève Massard-Guilbaud (Aldershot : Ashgate, 2005), 48–62. 10. Franz-Josef Brüggemeier, “A Nature Fit for Industry: The Environmental History of the Ruhr Basin, 1840–1990,” Environmental History Review 18, no. 1 (1994): 35–54; Fridolin Kraussmann, “The Process of Industrialization from the Perspective of Energetic Metabolism: Socioeconomic Energy Flows in Austria, 1830–1995,” Ecological Economics 41, no. 2 (2002): 177–201; Jérome Buridant, “Flottage des bois et gestion forestière: L’exemple du bassin parisien, du XVIe au XIXe siècle,” Revue Foresti ère Française 58, no. 4 (2006): 389–98; Dieter Schott, “Remodeling ‘Father Rhine’: The Case of Mannheim, 1825–1914,” in Water, Culture, and Politics in Germany and the American West...