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317 aboriginal people/population, 21–24, 36, 38– 39, 44, 265. See also First Nations: Mohawk agricultural hinterland, 245, 246, 250, 252, 259 agricultural landscape,187–209, 246, 260, 262 agriculture, 229, 232, 235–39, 250, 255, 256, 261 air: pollution, 174; quality, 166 Akwesasne, 238 Alexander, Charles, 219 Allan, Andrew, 216 Amos, Arthur, 258 Anburey, Alfred, 32 animals, 1, 9, 14, 19, 27, 29, 31, 102, 188, 203, 207–8, 212, 215–16, 218–21, 230, 235, 269 aqueduct, 13, 86, 106, 108–9, 111, 114 automobile, 62, 159, 162, 164, 168–69, 174, 177 autoroute: Eastern Township, 180–81, Laurentian , 172, 180 Bacqueville de la Potherie, Le Roy, 25–26 Baumgarten, Alfred, 216, 219, 223 Basset, Bénigne, 24–25 Index Beaver Lake, 116, 121–22, 128–31 Board of Health (Montreal), 71, 73, 75–77, 79, 81, 111–13, 208 Board of Trade, 135, 138, 139, 142, 143 body, 58–60, 63–65, 66–67 Bonnycastle, Sir Richard, 40, 48, 49 Boucher, Pierre, 24, 39, 43 Bouchette, Joseph, 34–35 bridges, 87, 90, 91, 258, 259, 260; Champlain, 180; CPR/Lachine, 228–29, 231–32, 235, 242–44; Honoré Mercier, 228, 231, 243–44; Victoria, 56, 231, 233–35 British conquest, 32, 213, 248 Bromont, 181–82 Bruchési, Paul, Archbishop, 73–74 Buffon, Georges, 27 Canada Water Conservation Act, 137–38 Canadian Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 219 canalization projects, 90, 92, 93, 94 canals, 245, 246, 250–62. See also individual names of canals 318 - Index capital: budget, 163; built, 163; environmental, 165; sunk, 163, 166 Cartier, Jacques, 21–22, 38–39, 54 Caughnawaga Canal, 236 Chadwick, Edwin, 105, 108–9 Chambly Canal, 236 Champlain, Samuel de, 22–23 Charlevoix, Pierre-François-Xavier de, 27 Chaussegros de Léry, Gaspard-Joseph, 26–27 Circé-Côté, Éva, 69, 79 City of Montreal, 118, 123–24, 127, 136, 138, 141, 145, 165, 169, 172, 174–75, 177, 179 climate, 10, 22, 52, 60–61, 65, 75, 117, 125–26, 133, 177, 213, 222. See also weather Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, 21 colonization, 7, 19, 45, 246, 250 commons, 25, 150, 229, 238, 240–41 Conseil d’hygiène de la province de Québec (CHPQ), 71, 72–73, 74, 75 Cornwall Canal, 233 Côte-des-Neiges Reservoir, 120, 122–24, 126–29 countryside, 13–15, 21, 26, 30–31, 45, 51–52, 63 Crawford, John, 216 Cronon, William, 13, 20, 58, 60, 212, 266 dam, 12, 40, 251, 252, 258 Department of Indian Affairs, 238–43 Des Baillets, Charles Jules, 125, 129 disease, 29, 60, 62–64, 67–78, 98, 104–5, 126, 166, 269 Dollier de Casson, François, 24–25 Dorval, 4, 216, 221 downtown Montreal, 50, 153, 156, 162, 165, 170, 172–73, 267 Doyle, John P., 108–9, 112 drainage, 98, 108–9, 112, 142, 149, 154, 256–57 dredging, 137, 141, 143, 254 dust, 76–77, 80, 81 ecological: changes, 14; communities, 237; conditions, 14; consequences, 241; dynamics , 7, 14, 147, 266; effects, 15; footprint, 262; function, 118, 130; imprint, 13, 266, 267; management, 129, 131; planning, 117; processes, 268, 269; relations, 246, 267; setting , 1 ecosystem, 12, 117, 129, 132, 168, 267–68; ecosystem services, 148–49 electricity, 5, 158, 174, 245, 251, 252, 255, 261, 262 energy, 13, 15, 31, 133, 148–49, 246, 251, 254, 257, 259, 262, 263; efficiency, 161–62; hydroelectric , 15, 40 environment: built, 8–11, 16, 21, 25, 26–27, 28, 34, 55, 172, 212, 266, 268, 269; natural, 10, 49, 114, 129; urban, 47, 57, 64, 66–67, 86, 93, 95, 100, 102, 105, 168, 266–69 environmental justice, 163–5, 167; costs and benefits, 150 Expo ’67, 169, 171, 174, 179 expressway: Decarie, 170, 172–73; Metropolitan , 5, 172 farm, 246, 248–51, 254–57, 261 farmer, 188, 249, 250, 254–57, 260, 261 fire, 19, 29, 106, 118, 119, 154, 155–56, 235 First Nations: Mohawk, 228–44 forest, 8–9, 19–20, 24, 26–29, 31–33, 35, 43, 45–46, 148, 168, 187, 236, 240, 242, 246, 265, 268 Forsyth, John, 213 fortifications, 3, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 29, 34, 87, 153 Frontenac, Louis de Buade de, 21 fur trade, 53, 230, 233, 266 Galt, Sir Alexander, 143, 144 germ theory of disease, 69, 72, 76–77, 80 government, 5, 102, 106, 110, 113, 114, 129, 136, 150, 169, 174–75, 204, 241–43, 267; colonial, 93; federal, 62, 135, 137–39, 141, 143...

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