The Turning Points of Environmental History

Notes

The First One Hundred Thousand Years Notes Chapter 1. Thinking Big 1. Carolyn Merchant, The Columbia Guide to American Environmental History (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002), 206. 2. Lynn White Jr., “The Historical Roots of Our Ecologic Crisis,” Science 155 (1967): 1203–7. 3. Rolf Peter Sieferle, The Subterranean Forest: Energy Systems and the Industrial Revolution (Cambridge: White Horse Press, 2001). 4. See, for instance, Günther E. Thüry, Die Wurzeln unserer Umweltkrise und die griechisch-römische Antike (Salzburg: O. Müller, 1995); and Günter Bayerl, “Prolegomenon der ‘Großen Industrie,’” in Umweltgeschichte. Umweltverträgliches Wirtschaften in historischer Perspektive, Acht Beiträge, edited by Werner Abelshauser (GG Sonderheft 15, Gottingen : Vandenhoeck Ruprecht, 1994), 29–56. 5. See also the ongoing controversy stimulated by Joachim Radkau; see his “Holzverknappung und Krisenbewußtsein im 18. Jahrhundert,” Geschichte und Gesellschaft 9 (1983): 513–43. 6. John R. McNeill, “Observations on the Nature and Culture of Environmental History ,” History and Theory 42 (2003): 9. 7. Ibid., 6. 8. See also Sidney Pollard, “Industrialization and the European Economy,” Economic History Review 26 (1973): 636–48. 9. On the concept of vulnerability and its importance for studies of natural disasters, see Susanna M. Hoffman and Anthony Oliver-Smith, eds., Catastrophe and Culture: The Anthropology of Disaster (Oxford: J. Currey, 2002). 10. Alfred W. Crosby, The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492 (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1972). 11. William Cronon, Nature’s Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West (New York: W. W. Norton, 1992). 12. Charles S. Maier, “Consigning the Twentieth Century to History: Alternative Narratives for the Modern Era,” American Historical Review 105 (2000): 807–31. 13. See also Frank Uekoetter, The Green and the Brown: A History of Conservation in Nazi Germany (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006).  14. John R. McNeill, Something New under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth Century (London: Allen Lane, 2000), xx. 15. Will Steffen, Paul J. Crutzen, and John R. McNeill, “The Anthropocene: Are Humans Now Overwhelming the Great Forces of Nature?” Ambio 36, no. 8 (2007): 614–21. 16. Fernand Braudel, The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II, vol. 1 (London: Collins, 1972), 21. 17. Kendall E. Bailes, “Critical Issues in Environmental History,” in Environmental History : Critical Issues in Comparative Perspective, edited by Kendall Bailes (Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1985), 10. Chapter 2. The First Hundred Thousand Years 1. Johan Goudsblom, Fire and Civilization (London: Allen Lane, 1992). 2. The capacity of humans and horses to work together, and the ability for horse and rider to cover long distances quickly, depends on this shared trait of profuse sweating. 3. See Tim Flannery, The Future Eaters (New York: Braziller, 1994), for a discussion of the late Pleistocene overkill hypothesis as it applies to Australia. 4. For a recent overview emphasizing climate’s role, see Arlene Miller Rosen, Civilizing Climates: Social Responses to Climate Change in the Ancient Near East (Lanham, Md.: AltaMira Press, 2007). 5. Peter Bellwood, The First Farmers: Origins of Agricultural Societies (Oxford: Blackwell , 2005); and Melinda Zeder, Daniel Bradley, Eve Emshwiller, and Bruce Smith, eds., Documenting Domestication: New Genetic and Archeological Paradigms (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006). 6. These matters are reviewed in Jared Diamond, Guns, Germs, and Steel (New York: Norton, 1997). 7. On the genetic evolution of lactose tolerance, see Gregory Cochran and Henry Harpending, The Ten Thousand Year Explosion: How Civilization Accelerated Human Evolution (New York: Basic Books, 2009), 77–78, 83–84. 8. James Webb, Humanity’s Burden: A World History of Malaria (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008). 9. David H. Thomas, Native American Landscapes of St. Catherines Island, Georgia (Washington, D.C.: American Museum of Natural History, 2008), 3 vols. 10. Mark Nathan Cohen, Health and the Rise of Civilization (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1989); and Jean-Pierre Bocquet-Appel and Stephan Naji, “Testing the Hypothesis of a Worldwide Neolithic Demographic Transition,” Current Anthropology 47 (2006): 341–65. 11. Llama and alpaca herders of the pre-Columbian Andes were generally not pastoralists but agriculturalists who raised animals as a sideline. 12. Kautilya, The Arthashastra (London: Penguin Classics, 1962), 2.2.6–7, cited in Sunil Sen Sarma, “Contemporaneity of the Perception of Environment in Kautilya’s Arthasastra ,” Indian Journal of History of Science 33 (1998): 37–50.  n o t e s t o pa g e s  0 –  0  13...