Into the Cosmos: Space Exploration and Soviet Culture

Index

321 Note: Illustrations are indicated by page numbers in italic type. Der Abend (newspaper), 251 Academy of Sciences, 42, 58, 60, 114, 143, 186 Adenauer, Konrad, 248 Agitation and Propaganda Department, Party Central Committee, 278n14 Agranovskii, Anatalii, 73 Air Force, 52, 97 Air Force Engineering Academy, 91 Albina (dog), 139 Alexander II, Tsar, 34 All-Russian Choral Society, 233 All-Union “Knowledge” Society, 179–82, 185. See also Society for the Dissemination of Scientific and Political Knowledge Andrews, James T., 3, 7–8, 17–18, 172, 282n156, 296n54 Angelina, Pasha, 208 Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, 228 Arkhipova, Matrena Petrovna, 188 Armstrong, Neil, 24 art, space-related, 72–73 astronomy, 32, 173–74, 298n63 atheism, 10–11, 161–94; education oriented to, 175–86, 193, 296n55, 300n84; under Khrushchev, 176–77; planetariums and, 180–84, 300n90; popular embrace of, 165–68, 173, 295n30; religion under attack from, 171–75, 178–93, 296n55; space exploration and, 161–71, 188–94, 295n37; under Stalinism, 175–76, 299n75; state-promoted, 171–80; vulgar, 295n37 Atlantic Advocate (newspaper), 252 atomic bomb. See nuclear weapons Austria, 255 “Aviation March” (song), 77–78 aviators, of 1930s, 69, 78, 82, 104, 105, 160, 223 Aviatsiia i kosmonavtika (Aviation and cosmonautics) (journal), 52 Index 322  Index Baikonur, Kazakhstan, 57–58, 113 Barber, John, 56–57 Bardin, Ivan, 66 Barnaul Planetarium, 300n93 Barshch, M., 298n67 Beliaev, Pavel, 65, 85, 225, 226, 310n48, 311n77 Belianka (dog), 141 Belka (dog), 133, 142, 143, 147, 151, 152, 250 Beregovoi, Georgii, 103 Berger, Peter, 164 Berlin Wall, 12, 240, 248–49, 251, 257, 261 Berliner Zeitung (newspaper), 256 Bezbozhnik (journal), 173, 297n61 Bezbozhnik airplanes, 297n60, 297n61 Blagonravov, Anatolii, 66, 152 Blium, A. V., 50 Bochek, A. V., 32 Bogdanov, A., Red Star, 35 Bolshevism: and censorship, 50; and science, 2, 172; secularization by, 171, 293n8 Bondarenko, Vladimir, 82, 102 Borzenko, S. A., 275n46 Boym, Svetlana, 145, 200, 297n59 Brandenberger, David, 36 Brandt, Willy, 248 Brezhnev, Leonid, 40, 44, 53, 100, 101, 103, 110, 125, 129, 197, 282n155 Bridger, Sue, 211 British Association for the Advancement of Science, 16 Brooks, Jeffrey, 76, 296n54, 309n29 Bruno, Giordano, 174 Bykovskii, Valerii, 84, 91, 195, 204–5, 208, 209, 237 CARC. See Council on the Affairs of Religious Cults CAROC. See Council on the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church Carpenter, Scott, 141 cartoons, 201–2 catastrophism, 17 Catholic Church, 173–74 CBS (television network), 131 celebrations, of space program achievements , 5, 40, 42, 77–78, 90, 103, 206, 216 censorship, 49–54, 58–63, 70 Central Committee, Communist Party, 53, 54, 61, 62, 66, 186, 205 Central Design Bureau of Experimental Machine Building, 56 Central Design Bureau of Machine Building , 56 Central Scientific-Research Institute of Machine Building (TsNIIMash), 59–60 Charlie (dog), 144 Chernushka (dog), 143, 144 Chertok, Boris, 152 Chicago Daily Tribune (newspaper), 252, 254 Chikolev, V. N., 31 childhood development, 303n6 Chizhevskii, Alexander, 16–17 Chkalov, Valerii, 105 Chukrai, Grigory, Ballad of a Soldier, 110 Clark, Katerina, 104 Colbert, Stephen, 108 Cold War: balance of power in, 20–23; dogs in space and, 10, 133–35, 147, 150, 154; military secrecy during, 39, 55, 60; and science education, 210; space program and, 5, 7, 22, 160, 165, 205, 251–53; Titov’s German visit and, 240–43, 249, 255–61; women’s role during, 195, 197, 200, 207–10 collecting, 11–12, 217, 219–38 collecting societies, 215, 219 Collins, Eileen, 211 Communist Youth League, 41 Communist Youth Organization (Komsomol ), 171, 185, 216, 307n10 constructivism, 215–16, 218, 238 consumerism, 11–12, 26, 213–39; aesthetics of, 214–16, 218–19; and collecting, 219–38; Marxist interpretation of, 221; meanings of, 214–19, 221; opposition to, 217, 220–21; and stamp collecting, 223–27; toleration of, 220; “unmet demand” interpretation of, 221 contingency, eliminated from space program narratives, 63–66 Copernicus, Nicolaus, 174 cosmic culture: catastrophism and, 17; during Cold War, 39–43; Communist ideology and, 160; contemporary, 24; foundations of, 29–36; scientific Index  323 enlightenment and, 163–69, 172–75; in Soviet Union, 4, 8, 24–25, 28–44; under Stalinism, 36–39; utopianism and, 18. See also space program and space exploration cosmic horror, 170–71 Cosmism, 169, 173 Cosmonaut Training Center, 82, 84, 86, 88, 96, 99–100 Cosmonautics Day, 15, 24, 83 cosmonauts: appearance of, 84; and atheism , 163, 165–67, 185, 188–89, 191–92; backgrounds of, 81–82; behavior of, 96–98, 116–18; biographies...