Equality and Revolution

Front Cover

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Equality & Revolution

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Contents

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Preface

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pp. ix-xiv

"A reexamination of Russian feminist activists is especially timely at this historicalmoment. Since the Soviet collapse, a number of Russian scholars have begun reinterpreting the role and significance of Russian feminism. Conferences on women's history now occur annually in Russia, and conference volumes typically..."

NOTE ON TRANSLITERATIONS AND DATES

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pp. xv-xvi

CHRONOLOGY OF WOMEN'S RIGHTS IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE, 1895-1918

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pp. xvii-xx

Chapter1

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pp. 1-10

"March 19, 1917, was a pleasant late-winter day in Petrograd.1 The writer Zinaida Gippius looked out from her apartment in the center of revolutionary Petrograd, watching thousands of women march below, 'a countless number; an unprecedented procession (never before in history . . . ). Three..."

Chapter 2

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pp. 11-40

"At the dawn of a new century, Russia was at a crossroads. Any hopes for substantive change with the death of the reactionary Tsar Alexander III in 1894 were quickly dashed. Under Alexander the famine of 1891 and 1892 had revealed the inefficiency of the government and its inability to cope with the most basic of..."

Chapter 3

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pp. 41-71

"In turn-of-the-century Russia, political rights was not specifically a woman's issue. The meager amount of political participation possible depended as much on class as on sex. Both female and male property owners could vote in rural and municipal government elections, although the women balloted only..."

Chapter 4

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pp. 72-101

"The first modern Russian parliament, the 'Duma of popular hopes,' opened on April 27, 1906. Kadet leader Paul Miliukov called it the 'first day of Russian political freedom!'1 As the newly elected deputies headed toward the capital, they were met at each station by crowds, handed and written instructions, and urged..."

Chapter 5

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pp. 102-145

"Thousands of small electric lamps illuminated the spacious Alexander Hall (Aleksandrovskii zal) in the St. Petersburg City Hall on the night of December 10, 1908. A substantial crowd had gathered by eight o'clock, filling the hall to overflowing. The City Hall had been the scene of many other meetings and..."

Chapter 6

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pp. 146-194

"The period from 1909 until the outbreak of WorldWar I became, for Russia's nascent political movements, largely a time of malaise and decline. After the tsar's dismissal of the First and Second Dumas, the electoral law of June..."

Images

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pp. 195-210

Chapter 7

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pp. 211-238

"Thursday, February 23,1917, was International Wome's Day in Russia. For February in Petrograd it was unusually warm, the temperatures reaching 46 degrees Fahrenheit (8 degrees Centigrade).The weather brought people out of their houses to bask in the sun. The Petrograd governor, A. P. Balk, received reports..."

Chapter 8

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pp. 239-247

"The achievement of women's suffrage is one of the most significant democratic reforms of the twentieth century and represents an advance in the ongoing feminist struggle for equal rights. Female suffrage is now a fact in almost all countries in the world, save for a few holdouts among the absolute monarchies of the..."

Epilogue

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pp. 248-254

"In the summer of 1921, Anna Backer, the corresponding secretary of the International Council of Women (ICW), received a letter from Dr. Anna Shabanova, addressed from St. Petersburg and written in French. Shabanova had been the head of one of Russia's most prominent women's rights organizations, the Russian..."

Notes

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pp. 255-316

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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pp. 317-346

Index

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pp. 347-358