Child Soldiers in the Age of Fractured States

Contents

v Acknowledgments vii List of Abbreviations ix Parti:overview Introduction 3 Scott Gates and Simon Reich 1. Methodological Problems in the Study of Child Soldiers 14 Barry Ames Partii:ethical,legal,andinternationaldimensions 2. An Ethical Perspective on Child Soldiers 27 Jeff McMahan 3. The Evolution of the United Nations’ Protection Agenda for Children: Applying International Standards 37 Tonderai W. Chikuhwa Partiii:AlternativeexplanationsofChildrecruitment 4. No Place to Hide: Refugees, Displaced Persons, and Child Soldier Recruits 55 Vera Achvarina and Simon Reich 5. Recruiting Children for Armed Conflict 77 Jens Christopher Andvig and Scott Gates 6. The Enablers of War: Causal Factors behind the Child Soldier Phenomenon 93 P. W. Singer 7. Child Recruitment in Burma, Sri Lanka, and Nepal 108 Jo Becker conTenTS vi conTenTS 8. Organizing Minors: The Case of Colombia 121 Francisco Gutiérrez Sanín PartiV:empiricalAssessmentsofChildSoldiers 9. War, Displacement, and the Recruitment of Child Soldiers in the Democratic Republic of Congo 143 Sarah Kenyon Lischer 10. Disaggregating the Causal Factors Unique to Child Soldiering: The Case of Liberia 160 James B. Pugel 11. Girls in Armed Forces and Groups in Angola: Implications for Ethical Research and Reintegration 183 Michael G. Wessells PartV:PoliciestoStoptherecruitmentofChildSoldiers 12. National Policies to Prevent the Recruitment of Child Soldiers 203 Emily Vargas-Barón 13. Wise Investments in Future Neighbors: Recruitment Deterrence, Human Agency, and Education 223 Maureen W. McClure and Gonzalo Retamal 14. Ending the Scourge of Child Soldiering: An Indirect Approach 242 Andrew Mack Conclusion 247 Scott Gates and Simon Reich Notes 255 References 273 List of Contributors 295 Index 297 ...