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Glossary alcalde Traditional Indian authority in hacienda times. alzamentero Quarrelsome, rebellious. anejo Old name for an indigenous settlement. arranche The stealing of a product, typically in a marketplace (i.e., a sack full of something). When the seller and the buyer do not reach an agreement on the price, the latter diverts the attention of the former and runs away with the product. arrimado Fig., “stuck on.” It refers to members of huasipunguero households in hacienda times. cabildo Community council. camari A gift given by an inferior to his or her superior (Quichua). comadre Godmother. compadre Godfather. chicha Corn beer. cholos Indians who leave their community to live in a city. gamonal Very powerful, conservative, and repressive landlord. gamonalismo A political regime in which power is exercised by the local gamonal. huasicama Housekeeper who worked for the landlord during hacienda times (Quichua). huasipungo Vegetable plot assigned to indigenous peons working in the hacienda. huasipunguero Huasipungo holder. 284 Glossary jahuay Traditional chant sung by Quichua farmers during the harvest. mayoral Indigenous leadsman. mayordomo Field foreman. minga Communal work that would benefit a group of people or the whole community (Quichua). mishu White people (Quichua). A scornful term. mita System of forced labor imposed on the indigenous population during the colonial and republican eras. páramo Moorland situated between 3,600 and 4,200 meters above sea level. piareros People in Tixán who rented their animals to carry hacienda products from the mountains to the railway station. piqueros People in Tixán who bought potato beds from the landowners and sold the products in the market. primicias Offers in products given by peasants to the local priest to thank God for the harvest. priostazgo Host obligations in a festival. prioste Host of a festival. regidor Staff holder. Traditional indigenous authority in charge of justice in hacienda times. runa People (Quichua). “Indians” use it to refer to themselves. It is used by white mestizos scornfully. sitiajeros “Indians” living outside the hacienda who used hacienda pasture for their own animals. In exchange they had to work for the landowner. This system of obligations was called sitiaje. socorros Subsistence doles. taita Father (Quichua). Used also to show respect. tandanacui Public meetings (Quichua). terrateniente Powerful owner of a big land estate. yanaperos “Indians” living outside the hacienda who used hacienda water and wood supplies and in exchange worked for the landowner (Quichua). ...

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