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 Notes Preface 1. On travel literature, see Mary Louise Pratt, Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation (London: Routledge, 1992), 5; Robert M. Burroughs, Travel Writing and Atrocities: Eyewitness Accounts of Colonialism in the Congo, Angola, and the Putumayo (New York: Routledge, 2011), 1–2, 4, 9, 17, 114, 117–19. On the impact of Burtt’s report, see Lowell Satre, Chocolate on Trial: Slavery, Politics, and the Ethics of Business (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2005), 93–95. On slavery in the twenty-first century, see Kevin Bales, Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy, rev. ed. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004); Henry Woodd Nevinson Diaries, June 18, 1905, MS. Eng. misc.e.613/1, Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (hereafter Nevinson Diaries) (quote). Prologue 1. William A. Cadbury (hereafter WAC) to Joseph Burtt (hereafter JB), July 21, 1904, in the Cadbury Papers (hereafter CP), Cadbury Research Library, Special Collections, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, CP 4/96; WAC to JB, August 27, 1904, CP 4/97; WAC to H. R. Fox Bourne, May 20, 1903, CP 4/41; Cadbury Brothers Ltd. (hereafter CB) to H. H. Johnston, September 29, 1904, CP 4/100; “Plaintiffs’ Board Minutes,” CP 133: 12–13; William A. Cadbury, Labour in Portuguese West Africa, 2nd ed. (London: George Routledge and Sons, 1910), 141. 2. “Joseph Burtt,” Friend, May 19, 1939, 408; JB to WAC, July 4, 1905, 26, “Copy of letters received from Joseph Burtt,” in the James Duffy Collection, African Collection, Yale University Library, New Haven, Conn. (hereafter JDC). 3. John F. Crosfield, A History of the Cadbury Family (London: privately published, 1985), 2:385 (first quote); Charles Dellheim, “The Creation of a Company Culture: Cadburys , 1861–1931,” American Historical Review 92, no. 1 (February 1987): 17 (second and third quotes). 4. Crosfield, History of the Cadbury Family, 2:385. 5. Dellheim, “Creation of a Company Culture,” 14–17, 19–20, 21, 31 (quote); Eric Hopkins, Birmingham: The Making of the Second City, 1850–1939 (Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: Tempus Publishing, 2001), 98–102; Crosfield, History of the Cadbury Family, 2:385. 6. Crosfield, History of the Cadbury Family, 2:385 (quotes), 386; Dellheim, “Creation of a Company Culture,” 21. 7. Ibid., 2:386; Peter Gay, The Bourgeois Experience: Victoria to Freud, vol. 1, Education of the Senses (New York: Oxford University Press, 1984), 103, and vol. 2, The Tender Passion (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986), 3–5.   Notes to Pages 3–9 8. Dellheim, “Creation of a Company Culture,” 14–17, 19–20, 21. 9. By 1918, the Cadbury Brothers workforce was evenly divided between men and women; ibid., 14 (first quote), 21–23, 25, 34 (second quote); Gillian Wagner, The Chocolate Conscience (London: Chatto and Windus, 1987), 48. 10. Dellheim, “Creation of a Company Culture,” 26, 29. See also Richard Price, Labour in British Society: An Interpretative History (London: Croom Helm, 1986), 99; Wagner, Chocolate Conscience, 51; Iolo A. Williams, The Firm of Cadbury, 1831–1931 (London: Constable , 1931), 168–69, 216–37; Crosfield, History of the Cadbury Family, 2:385. 11. “Joseph Burtt,” 408; Nellie Shaw, Whiteway: A Colony on the Cotswolds (London: C. W. Daniel, 1935), 38; Joseph Burtt, foreword to Shaw, Whiteway, 5 (quote); Hopkins, Birmingham, 82. 12. Dennis Hardy, Alternative Communities in Nineteenth Century England (London: Longman, 1979), xi, 1 (first quote); Ebenezer Howard, Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform, original edition with commentary by Peter Hall, Dennis Hardy, and Colin Ward (New York: Routledge, 2003), 130, 157 (second quote), 159, 217; Dellheim, “Creation of a Company Culture,” 35. 13. Shaw, Whiteway, 20, 21 (quote); Dennis Hardy, Utopian England: Community Experiments , 1900–1945 (London: E. and F. N. Spon, 2000), 175; Hardy, Alternative Communities, 11, 12, 175. 14. Hardy, Alternative Communities, 172–73; Hardy, Utopian England, 172, 173 (quote). 15. Shaw, Whiteway, 35, 37, 38–39, 40, 41, 43; Hardy, Utopian England, 175. 16. Shaw, Whiteway, 24 (second quote), 43–45, 48 (first quote), 68, 127, 128 (third quote); Hardy, Utopian England, 176 (fourth quote). 17. Burtt, foreword to Shaw, Whiteway, 5 (quotes). 18. Shaw, Whiteway, 56 (quote). 19. Ibid., 52 (quote), 53, 55–57, 64. 20. Ibid., 48 (first and second quotes), 49–50; Burtt, foreword, 6 (third through fifth quotes). 21. Shaw, Whiteway, 50 (first quote), 51–52, 67, 68, 69 (second quote; Shaw quoting the Stroud Journal, September 1, 1899), 70. 22. “Joseph Burtt,” 408; WAC to JB, July 21, 1904, CP 4/96; Crosfield, History of the Cadbury Family...

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