Metaphor and the Slave Trade in West African Literature

Index

237 àbíkú: as metaphor for Nigeria, 80, 88–89; as metaphor for slave trade loss, 84–87, 94; as metonym, 87–88; in Okri, 80–89; in Tutuola, 67. See also ògbánje abolition (of the slave trade): failures related to, 13, 51, 52, 133–34; traumatic legacy after, 73, 104, 140, 173 Achebe, Chinua: anticolonial writing and, 42–43; Arrow of God, 177, 183–84; concern with slave trade, 183; Things Fall Apart, 23–24, 84, 149, 183–84 Adéèkó, Adélékè, 44, 174 Adjusted Lives (Balogun), 32 Adorno, Theodor W., 37 Afolayan, Afolabi, 55 “African Modes of Self-Writing” (Mbembe), 33–34, 37–38 Afrocentrism, 34–35, 42 Aidoo, Ama Ata, 1, 5–6, 44; Anowa (see Anowa [Aidoo]); Changes, 153; desecration of intimacy and, 140; Dilemma of a Ghost, 147, 149, 212n32; grammar of memory and, 5–6, 140, 165–66; love stories and, 153–55, 164; on slave trade, 167–68; Our Sister Killjoy (see Our Sister Killjoy [Aidoo]) Akwani, Obi, 6, 183–84; historical novel and, 183, 188; March of Ages (see March of Ages [Akwani]); slave trade amnesia and, 183 Akyeampong, Emmanuel, 35 alternative history, 22, 39, 98–100, 103 Amadi, Elechi: The Concubine, 149 amnesia, 33–46; African American literature and, 39–42; African involvement in the slave trade and, 36; British colonial powers and, 36–37; mapping as response to, 103; Mbembe and, 37–38, 146; Opoku-Agyemang and, 34–35; slave ship image and, 40–41; trauma and, 179; Tutuola and, 73; West African literature and, 3–4, 33–46 Anderson, Benedict, 94 Anlo, 17, 75, 188–90 Anowa (Aidoo), 5, 139–53; African American slavery and, 144, 212n32; Anowa as wayfarer, 143–44; Anowa’s dream in, 212n32; barrenness in, 147–48; familial rupture of slavery in, 142–43, 145, 150–51; as feminist play, 144–45; Kofi’s infertility in, 148–52; Kofi, the slave trade and, 141, 150 Anyidoho, Kofi, 181 Argenti, Nicolas, 10, 21, 39 Armah, Ayi Kwei, 1, 25, 43–44, 139; The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born, 110, 208n15; on creative writing, 117–18; historical novel and, 26–28, 43, 180–81, 183; Ghanaian independence and, 110– 11; Fragments (see Fragments [Armah]); metaphor and, 28–29, 116, 117, 120, 121, 124, 193; Osiris Rising, 181; Two Thousand Seasons (see Two Thousand Seasons [Armah]) Arrow of God (Achebe), 177, 183 Asante people, 134 Atta-Yawson, Philip, 17, 18 Austin, Allan D., 75 i n d e x index 238 Ayuk, Ojong, 111 Azasu, Kwakuvi, 6, 183, 192; anticolonial worldview and, 188–91; historical novel and, 183, 188–91; Slave Raiders (see Slave Raiders [Azasu]) Bailey, Anne C., 17, 75 Balogun, F. Odun: Adjusted Lives, 32 Baquaqua, Mahommah Gardo, 75–79 Barnet, Miguel, 40 Bastian, Misty, 87 Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born, The (Armah), 110, 208n15 “been-to” characters, 109–10, 123 Behrendt, Stephen D., 109 Beloved (Morrison), 42 Black Atlantic, 41, 46, 48, 130, 181 body in the bag, trope of the, 5, 6, 32, 33, 54, 61–68, 72–73, 87–88, 89, 185 Braidotti, Rosi, 96 Brathwaite, Kamau, 40 Brown, Carolyn A., 2, 172–73 Brown, Lloyd, 144–45 Brown, William Wells, 125 Byrne, David, 202n6 Cape Coast Castle, 13–17, 23, 134, 182; hidden tunnel and, 16–17; memorial plaque on, 15 Cape Coast Castle (Opoku-Agyemang), 170, 182 Carpentier, Alejo, 40 Caruth, Cathy, 131, 170–71 Casas, Bartholomé de las, 188 castles, slave-trading, 11–20; cultural discourse of fear and, 18–19; door of no return and, 13, 16–17; institutionalized memory and, 16; “lies” and, 16–19; as metaphors, 13, 14; as reverberations of slave trade violence, 18–20. See also specific castles and forts Césaire, Aimé, 40 Changes (Aidoo), 153 Cheney-Coker, Syl: The Last Harmattan of Alusine Dunbar, 181, 197n20 Christiansborg Castle (Osu), 11–12, 112 civil rights movement (US), 40 Clark-Bekederemo, John Pepper, 84, 86 Clarke, William H., 2 Clifford, James, 95 Collins, Harold R., 49 Columbus, Christopher, 17 Concubine, The (Amadi), 149 Condé, Maryse, 40 Conrad, Joseph: Heart of Darkness, 166 consumer culture in West Africa, 108–9, 110, 111, 208n15 Crowther, Samuel Ajayi, 135–38, 139, 143, 185 Cummings, E. E., 162 Curtin, Philip D., 48 Dahomey, 51, 76, 78, 197n21; Abome kings of, 156; Oyo and, 135 Darko, Amma, 197n20 Davies, Carol Boyce, 144 Death and the King’s Horseman (Soyinka): African complicity in the slave trade in, 176–77; Elesin in, 175–77; Praise Singer in...