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Index Action Française, 10, 64, 86 Adamski, Stanisław, 20, 27, 40, 47; and Polish concordat of 1925, 70–71 Albertyn, 156–57, 164, 168, 211 America, 213 Armenian rite Catholic Church, 22, 25, 72 Austria, 199 Bartel, Kazimierz, 80, 159 Beck, Józef, 96, 171; and Holy See, 176–77, 191–92; and outbreak of Second World War, 201–3, 205–8, 261n53; and Wawel incident, 183, 187 Belloc, Hilaire, 126–31 passim, 149–50, 213, 241n50, 241n52, 242n56; Benedict XV, meeting with, 15; on Hlond, 89; journey to Poland, 129 Belorussians, in Poland, 21–23, 136–37, 140, 150, 153, 157, 159, 169–70 Benedict XV, 33, 37–39, 137, 139, 141; Belloc, meeting with, 15; and conversion of Orthodox, 149, 151–52; death of, 49; and First World War, 11–12, 200; and independence, 19–20, 29; Pacem Dei munus, 39; “Peace Note,” 17; policy toward Poland, 36; and Polish question, First World War, 13, 15–16, 18; Ratti, appointment as nuncio to Poland, 31; and Upper Silesian plebiscite, 45–49 Bertram, Adolf, 42–46, 63, 74 Biddle, A. J. D., 189 Bilczewski, Saint Józef, 11, 219n11 Bobola, Saint Andrzej, 40 Bolshevism and Bolsheviks. See Communism and Communists Borgongini-Duca, Francesco, 67–68 Bourne, Francis, 89 Boy-Żeleński, Tadeusz, 114, 125; Nasi okupanci , 125 Breslau, Archdiocese of, 42, 45, 63 Budkiewicz, Konstantin, 155 Byzantine-Slavonic rite Catholic Church, 156–72 passim. See also Orthodox and Orthodoxy Camp of National Unity (OZN), 179–80, 191 Carol II, 184, 187 Castel Gandolfo, 52, 199, 204, 209 Catholic Action, 64, 91, 179 Catholicism, interwar European political, 109–12, 214–15; in Poland, 215–16 Catholicism and Catholic Church, in Poland: admiration of English Catholics for, 126–27; attributes of, 23; and Communism, 113–15; at independence , 26–29; and intellectuals, 124–26; during interwar era, 215–17; and Jews, 118–24; and National Democracy, 83–84, 86–87; in partitioned Poland, 6–9; and Piłsudski regime, 81–100 passim; in Polish political tradition, 5; worldview of, 109–26 passim Catholic League, 86, 91 Central Powers. See First World War Chamberlain, Neville, 199 Charles-Roux, François, 207 Charnets’kyi, Blessed Mykola, 162–63, 250n43 Chesterton, G. K., 3, 109–10, 126–31, 150, 213–14, 241n50, 241n52; journey to Poland, 129–30; Second World War, predictions of, 130–31, 194 Christian Democracy, Polish, 57, 64 church and state, Second Polish Republic, 92–93, 96–97, 100; after death of Piłsudski, 175–93 passim; relationship of Poland, Holy See, and Polish episcopate , 55–56, 77–78, 215–16 Ciano, Galeazzo, 202–3 Cieplak, Jan, 145, 155 Ciszek, Walter, 168 clergy, Polish Catholic: characteristics of, 23; and German-Austrian Polish “kingdom,” 16–18; and Greek Catholics, 136; and National Democracy , 58, 77, 86; Piłsudski, attitude toward , 14, 80, 82; and Polish concordat of 1925, 75; and Polish independence, 19; political activities, 23–24 284 | Index Commissio pro Russia, 158, 160–61, 164–68 Communism and Communists, 17–18, 29, 51, 68, 81, 83, 99, 111–15 Communist Party of Poland, 113 concordat of 1925, Polish: and ByzantineSlavonic Church, 157–58; delays in concluding, 55, 60–61, 66; and Greek Catholics, 68–69, 72, 74, 144, 157; implementation of, 83, 86, 90, 92–94, 99; negotiation of, 67–69; provisions of, 69–70; ratification of, 70–72; varying opinions of, 72–76, 230–31n28, 232n45; and Vilna, 157–58. See also concordats concordats: nature of, and misconceptions about, 228n1; with Nazi Germany, 197, 228n1; with Poland, desire of Holy See for, 32, 37, 54, 60–61; required by Polish Constitution (1921), 60. See also concordat of 1925, Polish Congregation for Eastern Churches, 149, 158, 160, 163, 168 Constituent Assembly, 57, 59 Constitution, Polish (1921): church-state relations, importance for, 54–55; religious clauses, 59–60, 99 Constitution, Polish (1935), 99 Conway, Martin, 214 Cortesi, Filippo, 180, 190, 192–93, 254n28; and outbreak of Second World War, 200, 204, 206, 208; and Wawel incident , 182, 184, 186–89 Cum primum (Gregory XVI), 8 Cywiński, Bohdan, 216 Czechoslovakia, 4, 21, 85, 142, 195, 199–200, 203, 207 Czerwiński, Stanisław, 91 Częstochowa, 145; Our Lady of (Black Madonna), 2, 129 Dalbor, Edmund, 2, 16, 19, 24–25, 27, 61, 64–66, 112; death of, 78; and Polish concordat of 1925, 70–71; political leanings of, 33–34, 36, 57 Danzig, Free City of, 63, 68–69, 97, 196, 198, 200, 202–6, 258n19 Dawson, Christopher, 127...

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