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appendix Table 1. comparison of production, employment, productivity, wages, and labor costs in the ruhr and northeastern Pennsylvania, 1901–14 Yearly Production Average Daily Average Daily Labor Cost Percent of Yearly Coal Production Total Employees per Man Average Days Production per Shift Wage Average Yearly (per ton) of Price (per ton) Market Price Year (In tons, t=2,000 pounds) (includes managers) (in tons) Worked* Man (in tons) of all Workers ($) Earnings ($) Coal Mined ($) at Market ($) duetoLaborCost Ruhr NEPA** Ruhr NEPA Ruhr NEPA Ruhr NEPA Ruhr NEPA Ruhr***NEPA Ruhr***NEPA Ruhr*** NEPA Ruhr*** NEPA Ruhr NEPA 1901 58,447,657 67,094,665 243,926 147,651 240 454 300 195 0.80 2.33 $1.02 N/A $306 N/A $1.27 N/A $2.19 $3.86 58% N/A 1902 58,038,594 41,340,935 243,963 148,139 238 279 296 116 0.80 2.41 $0.96 N/A $283 N/A $1.19 N/A $2.10 $3.98 57% N/A 1903 64,689,594 75,232,585 255,992 151,827 253 496 311 211 0.81 2.35 $0.97 $2.07 $301 $437 $1.19 $0.88 $2.07 $4.30 58% 20% 1904 67,533,681 73,594,369 270,259 161,330 250 456 304 213 0.82 2.14 $1.00 $2.48 $302 $528 $1.21 $1.16 $2.06 $4.30 59% 27% 1905 65,373,531 78,647,020 267,798 168,254 244 467 295 208 0.83 2.25 $1.01 $2.24 $297 $466 $1.22 $1.00 $2.10 $4.30 58% 23% 1906 76,811,054 72,139,510 278,719 166,175 276 434 321 206 0.86 2.11 $1.09 $2.39 $351 $492 $1.27 $1.13 $2.19 $4.30 58% 26% 1907 80,182,647 86,056,412 303,089 168,774 265 510 321 227 0.82 2.25 $1.22 $2.36 $391 $536 $1.48 $1.05 $2.31 $4.30 64% 24% 1908 82,664,647 83,543,243 334,733 174,503 247 479 310 211 0.80 2.27 $1.21 $2.23 $374 $471 $1.51 $0.98 $2.52 $4.30 60% 23% 1909 82,803,676 80,223,833 340,567 171,195 243 469 301 205 0.81 2.29 $1.12 $2.34 $338 $480 $1.39 $1.02 $2.49 $4.30 56% 24% 1910 86,864,504 83,683,994 345,136 168,175 252 498 304 212 0.83 2.35 $1.14 $2.41 $346 $511 $1.37 $1.03 $2.45 $4.30 56% 24% 1911 91,329,140 90,917,176 352,555 173,338 259 525 308 234 0.84 2.24 $1.17 $2.46 $362 $576 $1.39 $1.10 $2.45 $4.30 57% 26% 1912 100,264,830 84,426,869 363,879 175,098 276 482 324 220 0.85 2.19 $1.26 $2.72 $407 $598 $1.48 $1.24 $2.59 $4.49 57% 28% 1913 110,765,495 91,626,964 397,339 175,310 279 523 327 242 0.85 2.16 $1.34 $2.65 $439 $641 $1.57 $1.23 $2.75 $4.52 57% 27% 1914 94,851,288 91,189,641 372,886 180,899 254 504 314 229 0.81 2.20 $1.29 N/A $405 N/A $1.59 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A AVG. 255 470 310 209 0.82 2.25 $1.13 $2.40 $350 $521 $1.37 $1.07 $2.33 $4.27 58% 25% Sources: Franz-Josef Brüggemeier, Leben vor Ort: Ruhrbergleute und Ruhrbergbau (Munich: C. H. Beck, 1983), 278; Christoph Klessmann, Polnische Bergarbeiter im Ruhrgebiet, 1870–1945: Soziale Integration und nationale Subkultur einer Minderheit in der deutschen Industriegesellschaft (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1978), 263–65; M. J. Koch, Die Bergarbeiterbewegung im Ruhrgebiet zur Zeit Wilhelm II (Düsseldorf: Droste Verlag, 1954), 148–50; Carl Ludwig Holtfrerich, Quantitative Wirtschaftsgeschichte des Ruhrkohlenbergbaus im 19. Jahrhundert (Dortmund: Gesell. f. West. Wirtschaftsgeschichte, 1973), 22–24, 51–56; W. Jett Lauck, Comparison of Earnings and Wage Rates in the Anthracite and Bituminous Mines of Pennsylvania (Washington, D.C., 1920), 13, 15; Irregularity of Employment in the Anthracite Industry (Washington, D.C., 1920), 8, 23; Wholesale and Retail Prices of Anthracite Coal 1913 to 1920 (Washington, D.C...

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