The Demographics of Empire: The Colonial Order and the Creation of Knowledge

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281 Alphonse, Bifele, 137–38 ambiguity, 123, 147; language, 102 Ambiguous Africa (Balandier), 147 Amery, Leo, 59 analysis: demography field postmodern, 49–50; projections strategy/procedure of, 251–53; shift toward discourse, 33–34 Anderson, Benedict, 3, 6, 41; Imagined Communities, 35 androcentric functionalism, 221–22 anemia, sickle-cell, 204 Ango Nkume (colonial chief), murder of, 131–33, 135–39, 153n24; colonial administrative accounts of, 138; crossroads site of, 132–33; date of, 136; as diagnostic event, 132, 135;“fathers” of assailants’ son, 152n21; Minkébé region history and, 133–35, 151n11; narratives of, 135–39, 153n21, 153n24; tax collection and, 136–37, 138 Angouma, 139, 153n30 Annales de Démographie Historique, 15 Anopheles family, malarial parasite, 201, 203 anthropometric measurements, 145 antinatalist policies, 44, 57n117, 227; shift between pro- and, 220 AOF. See French West Africa apartheid: politics of post-, 125, 129nn53–54; roots of segregation basis of, 119, 123 Appadurai,Arjun, 37–38 askaris, 160–61, 166, 177, 186–87 authority, census means of transference of, 90 Avole Israël, 141 Baartman, Saartje, 188, 197n87 “baby show,” 240n30 Balandier, Georges, 28–29, 142, 148–49, 151n9, 155n67, 156n73; Ambiguous Africa, 147 Bantu-speaking peoples, 204 Barbieri, Magali, 56n89 Page references in italics denote illustrations. abortion, 186, 196n78, 227–28, 241n58; agency and, 181 administrators, colonial, 245;Ango Nkume murder account by, 138; collusion with chiefs, 222; German, 177; German administrative center in Ujiji, 176, 191n12; human resource shortages and, 97, 108n27, 142; inspectors, 102, 103, 110n45; missionaries and, 238; preoccupation with African sexuality, 186; reporting by, 142, 143–44, 148–49; scientific, 144–46, 154n50, 155nn56–57 adultery, criminalizing of, 225–26 AEF. See French Equatorial Africa affirmative postmodernism, 50 Africa: fertility rates in India v., 273n52; independence era of, 10; marginalization of, 266; rinderpest panzootic in, 8, 180, 186, 194n38, 196n77; slave trade regions of, 254, 263. See also population,African; population growth; population history; specific regions; specific topics Africa Emergent (Macmillan), 63–64 “Africanization,” 73 Africans: alleged hypersexuality of, 188; census agents, 98; chiefs, 131, 132, 135–39, 142–43, 152n21, 153n24, 222, 224; childbearing culture of, 209; Christianizing of, 189; fertility in male, 182; Islamic, 40, 174, 176; polygamy viewed by male, 225;World War II service of, 69, 83n82. See also population,African; women African Survey (Hailey), 66, 67 age, chronological, 42 agency, 9, 120, 201, 219; colonial, 150; infanticide/ abortion and, 181 agriculture: British colonial Africa policies on, 71–72, 86n111; disease-environment interaction and, 203–5;“empty land” and, 127n27; food shortages from labor exploitation, 168, 168, 169 Akule Mefwé, 136 index 282 index caravans, across Sahara, 200 Carrier Corps, 160, 166 Carr-Saunders,A. M., 63, 68, 78n11, 248–49, 259 caste, census and, 36–39 census: agents, 98; alleged Natal population growth and, 120; authority transfer through, 90; British India, 6–7, 36–39, 55n73; British Malaya, 35; Bruel on Northern Gabon, 145–46, 155n54, 155nn56–57; caste and, 36–39; depopulation and, 100; European nineteenth-century, 4; exploitation through, 90, 97–98, 101, 110n39; forced labor and, 100–102; French West Africa, 90, 92–98, 95, 108nn24–25; Kuczynski on confusion in population, 68; marriage regulation and, 126, 129n57; methodologies, 91–92; Ministerial Directive of 1909, 85, 92–98, 95, 108nn24–25; modernization and, 110n45; mystique, 98, 104; natives absent from, 145; Nigeria, 41–43, 56n98, 270n39; nominal, 91, 93, 97–98, 101, 102–3, 107n8, 108n28, 110n39, 111n48; notebook, 97, 108n28; numerical, 91–92, 97; postcolonial studies of, 35; racism and, 35; state power and, 6–7, 23; tax rolls and, 103, 145; timetables, 98; wartime, 226;Western Kenya methods of, 158, 159. See also surveys Central Africa: depopulation, 178; East, 183–85 Centre of African Studies, 15 Chanock, Martin, 223–24, 238 chiefs,African: administrators in collusion with, 222;Ango Nkume murder, 131, 132, 135–39, 152n21, 153n24; execution of eleven, 142–43; gender relations and, 224 childbearing: polygamy impact on colonial policies for, 241n49; survey on African women, 209. See also birth rate children:Africans as favoring more, 209; child custody, 225; low population of Ujiji area, 184– 85; mortality rate for, 180, 186, 194n38, 196n77, 206; slave trade and, 179 China, 27, 63, 220 cholera, 179–80, 183, 193n31, 195n63 Chrisman, Laura, 30, 31 Christianizing,African, 189 circumcision: askari, 186–87; of young females, 228 civilizing mission, 24, 101, 232 civil service, 236 clan politics, colonial v., 137 classification, tribal, 144, 154n50, 155n54, 171n30 climate, disease environments and, 201, 205, 206 Cloete, Henry, 117, 119...