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Index Alliance of Polish Youth (Związek Młodzieży Polskiej, Zet), 43, 76, 85 Alliance of Political Parties, 202–3 anti-Semitism. See Jews Arciszewski, Tomasz, 114, 199, 200, 202 Armenian Catholics, 6 Atlantic Charter, 198, 221 Austria (Austria-Hungary), 4, 11–13, 25, 27, 33, 63, 67, 96, 97, 100, 101, 105, 110, 111, 115, 116, 117, 139, 140, 223 Austrian Poland (Galicia), 11, 13, 25, 26, 27, 29–30, 33, 34, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 63–65, 66, 68–71, 73–74, 79–85, 96, 102–3, 105, 107, 114–16, 120, 123, 126 Austrian Social Democratic Party, 65, 70 Balcerowicz, Leszek, 267, 275–76, 278, 280, 284, 299, 301, 309 Balcerowicz Plan, 275 Balicki, Zygmunt, 43, 69, 76 Bartel, Kazimierz, 143, 147 Belarus and Belarusians, 6, 29, 72, 80, 104, 125, 126, 151, 174; minority in Poland, 126 Bereza Kartuska, 150, 192 Berlin, 3, 27 Bielecki, Jan Krzysztof, 280–81, 283, 289 Bień, Adam, 170 Bieńkowski, Władysław, 170 Bierut, Bolesław, 223 Bismarck, Otto von, 27, 42, 44, 82–83 Bloc of National Minorities, 131–32 Bobrzyński, Michał, 66–67, 69, 71, 111 Bolsheviks. See Communism and Communists Borowski, Marek, 292 Braun, Jerzy, 170 Brest (Brześć) arrests (1930), 148, 149 Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of (1918), 101 Brussels Program, 37 Budapest, 3 Bund, 75, 120 Bureau of Information and Propaganda (Biuro Informacji i Propagandy, BIP), 168 Burke, Edmund, 1 Buzek, Jerzy, 299–306 Camp for a Greater Poland (Obóz Wielkiej Polski, OWP), 147–49 Camp of National Unity (Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego, OZON), 151 Cat-Mackiewicz, Stanisław, 142, 201 Catholic Electoral Action (Wyborcza Akcja Katolicka, WAK), 283, 289 Catholicism and Catholics. See Roman Catholicism and Roman Catholics Catholic Populist Club, 46 Catholic Zentrum Party, 85 Central National Committee (Centralny Komitet Narodowy) (1863), 23 Central National Committee (1915), 105 Centrolew (Center-Left), 148–49, 192 Chicago, 3 Chjeno-Piast coalition, 136, 142–43 Christian democratic organizations (Third Republic), 282, 298, 299 Christian Democratic Party of the Third Republic, 299, 301 Christian Democrats (Second Republic), 131, 135, 138, 148, 152, 219, 222, 223 Christian National Union (Zjednoczenie Chrześcijańsko-Narodowe, ZChN), 276, 289 Christian National Unity Association (Chrześcijański Związek Jedności Narodu, Chjena), 131–32, 136 Churchill, Winston, 198, 263 Cieszyn (Cieszyn Silesia), 29, 34, 65, 67, 102, 105, 114, 173 344 | Index Cimoszewicz, Włodzimierz, 279, 295–96, 298, 305 Ciołkosz, Adam, 148, 192, 194, 197–98, 202, 205, 207–10 Citizens’ Center Alliance (Porozumienie Obywatelskie Centrum, POC), 283 Citizens’ Militia (Milicja Obywatelska, MO), 276 Citizens’ Movement for Democratic Action (Ruch Obywatelski Akcja Demokratyczna, ROAD), 279, 281 Citizens’ Parliamentary Club (Obywatelski Klub Parlamentarny, OKP), 273, 278 Citizens’ Platform (Platforma Obywatelska, PO), 303–5 Civic Alliance “Center,” 289 Club of Constitutional Work (Klub Pracy Konstytucyjnej, KPK), 122 Colonization Commission (Ansiedlungskommission), 42, 82–84 Common Market, 281 Communism and Communists, 4, 10, 14, 15, 19, 112, 166–69, 170, 179, 194, 225, 244, 246, 252, 291, 300, 309, 311–12; and December 1981, 259; exCommunists , 232, 241–43, 245, 246–47, 250; and government of 1944–89, 1–2, 15–18, 20, 152, 173, 190, 198–99, 201, 202, 204–10, 217, 219, 223–25, 228, 231–32, 238, 239–44, 246–47, 249, 251, 253–68, 272, 274, 276–78, 290, 293, 308, 313; and postCommunists , 18–21, 247–48, 268, 272, 281–82, 284–85, 288–98, 305, 310, 314; and Second Republic, 113, 119, 120, 131–32, 135, 143, 172, 184; “with a human face,” 252–53; and World War II, 166, 169, 174, 179–80, 182 Communist Workers’ Party of Poland (Komunistyczna Partia Robotnicza Polski, KPRP), 112 Confederacy of the Nation (Konfederacja Narodu), 166, 175 Confederation for an Independent Poland (Konfederacja Polski Niepodległej, KPN), 244, 253, 279, 282–83, 289, 290 Congress Kingdom (1815–30), 28, 31, 37, 39, 64, 71–72, 81, 84–85, 103–5, 110–11, 114, 116, 120, 123 Congress of Vienna (1814–15), 28 Constitution of 1952, 286 Constitution of 1997, 296–97 Constitution of April 1935, 14, 150–51 Constitution of March 1921, 128–30, 142, 154 Constitution of March 1945, 152 Constitution of May 3, 1791, 1, 9, 10, 23, 49, 110, 128, 199, 276, 281 Copernicus, Nicholas, 3 Council for Aid to Jews, 302 Council of National Unity (Rada Jedności Narodowej), 172, 174, 178, 181, 183–84, 197, 200–201, 203, 207, 216, 220, 222 Council of Three (Rada Trzech), 210...

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