Intonations: A Social History of Music and Nation in Luanda, Angola, from 1945 to Recent Times

Abbreviations and Terms

Abbreviations and Terms Anangola Associação dos Naturais de Angola (Association of Naturalborn Angolans) B.O. Bairro Operário CITA Centro de Informação e Turismo (Angolan Center for Information and Tourism) DGS Direcção Geral de Segurança (Directorate of General Security) DIP Departmento de Informação e Propaganda (Department of Information and Propaganda of the MPLA) DISA Direcção de Informação e Segurança de Angola (Angolan Directorate for Information and Security) ENDIPU Empresa Nacional do Disco e Publicações (National Company of Discs and Publications) EOA Emissora Oficial de Angola (Official Broadcasting Station of Angola) FAPLA Forças Armadas Populares de Libertação de Angola (Popular Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola) FNLA Frente Nacional para a Libertação de Angola (National Front for the Liberation of Angola) JMPLA Juventude do Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (Youth of the MPLA) LNA Liga Nacional Africana (National African League) MPLA Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola) xix You are reading copyrighted material published by Ohio University Press/Swallow Press. Unauthorized posting, copying, or distributing of this work except as permitted under U.S. copyright law is illegal and injures the author and publisher. OMA Organização das Mulheres de Angola (Angolan Women’s Organization) PIDE Polícia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado (International Police for Defense of the State, i.e., the Portuguese secret police) RNA Rádio Nacional de Angola (Angolan National Radio) SCCIA Serviços de Centralização e Coordenação de Informações de Angola (Angolan Services for the Centralization and Coordination of Information) UNITA União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola (National Union for the Total Independence of Angola) UNTA União Nacional dos Trabalhadores de Angola (National Union of Angolan Workers) angolanidade Angolanness. assimilado Literally, assimilated person. Under the indigenato system instituted in the 1920s, assimilados were those mixed-race and African individuals who met the colonial government’s criteria for Portuguese citizenship, exempting them from forced labor and taxation. One’s status as an assimilado had to be proven and required evidence of the following: ability to speak and write Portuguese, gainful employment (supporting oneself and one’s family), sleeping in a bed, and being a Christian (preferably a Catholic). This sector of colonial society was always less than 1 percent of the population, in large part because of the lack of education provided by the colonial system. baixa The lower part of the city of Luanda where the port, commercial services, and government ministries are located. In the late colonial period it was called the asphalt city or the European city. bessangana A woman of Luanda’s urban elite. Bessanganas had a distinctive way of dressing comprising a series of undergarments , four layers of panos over a long-sleeved blouse, and a smaller pano wrapped around the head. xx w Abbreviations and Terms You are reading copyrighted material published by Ohio University Press/Swallow Press. Unauthorized posting, copying, or distributing of this work except as permitted under U.S. copyright law is illegal and injures the author and publisher. dikanza The musicological term for this instrument is scraper. In Brazil it is called a reco-reco. fubeiro Shopkeeper in the musseques. hungu The musicological term for this instrument is gourdresonated musical bow. In Brazil it is known as a berimbau. indígena Literally, indigenous person. The majority of the population that could not prove assimilado status were referred to as indígenas. They had no rights and were subject to coercive taxation and forced labor. The indigenato system was abolished in 1961 following the rebellions. lusotropicalism Brazilian sociologist Gilberto Freyre’s theory (lusotropicalismo ) to explain Brazilian national difference, which argued that the Portuguese were skilled at creating harmonious multiracial societies in the tropics. António Salazar’s Estado Novo used this notion to defend its practice of holding onto Portugal’s African territories long after most African colonies had achieved independence. mais velho Older one. Not necessarily an elder in the sense of someone of a different generation, but a person who is wiser and more experienced. It is a term of respect. In Luanda one also hears the word kota, meaning the same thing. mestiço Culturally mixed African. musseque Urban shantytown. Musseques ringed around the urban periphery are home to the majority of Africans living in Angolan cities, especially Luanda...