Healing Traditions: African Medicine, Cultural Exchange, & Competition in South Africa, 1820-1948

Index

1891 Natal Native Code, 2, 94, 120, 128, 129–30 African concepts: of the body, 19, 29, 55, 211n113; of contagion, 47–48; of hygiene, 48–50; of mental illness, 19, 56, 63, 212n130 African-Indian relations, 160–64; medical, 166–82 African judicial system, 67, 79-80, 103. See also umhlahlo African medicine, European use of, 37, 57, 64, 66, 95–97, 98, 137–38, 146–47 African medicines, Indian use of, 175, 178. See also inyangas: Indian African skepticism of European medicines, 98, 136, 140–41, 188–89 African use of European medicines/ substances, 57, 63, 65, 96–98, 134, 139, 137, 139–40, 142, 148, 171, 176. See also European use of African medicine African use of Indian medicines/ substances/healers, 158, 166–69, 175–79. See also Indian use of African medicine Alexander, Israel, 18, 134–35, 137, 138, 142, 143, 155, 156 anticolonial movements, 106-08, 87, 123 271 apartheid, 12, 17, 159, 174, 182, 185, 189; Group Areas Act, 17, 149, 174, 175, 181; population control, 188–89 Ayurvedic medicine, 3, 19, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 170, 180. See also Indian therapeutics Barker, Lady, 93, 120–26 biomedical doctors/practitioners, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 19–21, 24–25, 30, 56, 95–97, 119–20, 126–28, 135–39, 141–50, 156–57, 169, 181, 188–89; collaborative efforts with healers, 184, 190, 194–96 biomedicine, 23–26, 39, 43, 46, 49, 55, 56, 59, 98, 119, 129, 134–38, 140, 142, 143, 146–47, 149, 155, 164, 175, 180–81. See also vaccination bioprospecting, 184, 185–87, 192 bloodletting, 56, 63 Boers, 38, 41, 70, 73, 97,102 bone setting, 27, 52, 62, 63–64, 76 bone throwing. See throwing the bones Bryant, A. T., 28, 40, 52, 56, 70 Callaway, Reverend, 28, 70, 86, 116 chemists. See white chemists/shops chieftainship/kingship medicines, 67, 72–73, 75, 84 Index Page references in italics denote illustrations. You are reading copyrighted material published by Ohio University Press/Swallow Press. Unauthorized posting, copying, or distributing of this work except as permitted under U.S. copyright law is illegal and injures the author and publisher. commodification of African medicine, 132–35, 137, 138, 141, 148–50, 167–68, 170, 185–87 cultural brokers, 11, 14, 16, 25, 155, 199n39, 202n58 culture-bound illness, 18–20, 23, 149, 176, 179 customary law, 3, 9, 10, 100, 102, 103, 120, 127, 150, 155, 179. See also Shepstonian system diagnosis, 19, 54–55, 58, 115, 142, 165, 179, 181, 195 diviners, 41, 53–54, 101, 113, 117. See also inyangas; isangoma/isanuse; rainmakers; throwing the bones; umlozikazana (imilozi) environment: drought, 30, 51, 106, 111, 113, 115, 117–18, 132; sustainability, 13, 32, 42, 46–47, 184, 185, 191–92; local ecology, 42–43 epidemiology, 43–45 epizootics, 24, 39, 42, 45–46, 48, 51, 113, 117, 132 European medicine, African use of. See African use of European medicines/ substances/healers European use of African medicine/ healers, 37, 57, 64, 66, 95–97, 98, 137–38, 146–47. See also African use of European medicines/substances/ healers Evans-Pritchard, E. E., 9, 22 faith healers, 118 Feierman, Steve, 10, 23, 24 Fynn, Francis, 27–28, 37, 48, 63, 66, 80, 96, 97, 99 gender, 13, 50, 58, 86, 100, 116–17, 123, 124, 131, 146–47, 154 healers. See diviners; inyanga; isangoma/ isanuse; rainmakers; umthandazi healers, laws against, 106–9, 111, 119–20, 142, 148 healers, legal recognition of, 11, 18, 30, 32, 94, 120, 127, 130–31, 140–42, 148, 152, 155, 157, 183, 194 272 w Index healers as cultural curiosities, 30, 120–26 healing associations, 31, 32, 150–57, 194, 195. See also Natal Native Medical Association herbalists. See inyangas herbs, processed, 13, 170, 172, 176, 192, 193 hereditary chiefs, 89, 102–3, 106–9, 110, 119, 127, 223n.68 historiography: African therapeutics, 11, 21–26; anthropology, 21–23; biomedicine in South Africa, 135–36; European ideas of African tradition, 1–5, 10, 21; Indian-African relations, 159; Foucault, 24–25; Gramsci, 24–26; political economy of health, 24; rise of Zulu kingdom, 69–70; tradition, 9–14 HIV/AIDS, 21, 32, 50, 183, 184, 187–91 ibandla, 79–80, 101 illness causation: ancestral, 57–59, 117; cultural, 19; natural, 56–57; social, 54; witchcraft, 7, 59–60 impepo, 53, 170, 196 Indian medicines, African use of. See African use of Indian medicines/ substances/healers Indian therapeutics, 159, 164–66; poojari/poosali, 178–79. See also...