Slavery & Reform In West Africa: Toward Emancipation In Nineteenth-Century

Notes

193 Notes Introduction 1. Paul Lovejoy, Transformations in Slavery, xi. 2. Walter Rodney, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. See also Rodney, “African Slavery and Other Forms of Social Oppression on the Upper Guinea Coast in the Context of the Atlantic Slave Trade.” 3. Frederick Cooper, Plantation Slavery on the East Coast of Africa; John Grace, Domestic Slavery in West Africa. 4. François Renault, Libération d’esclaves et nouvelle servitude; M’Baye Guèye, “Le ¤n de l’esclavage à Saint-Louis et à Gorée en 1848.” 5. Ray Kea, Settlements, Trade, and Polities in the Seventeenth-Century Gold Coast. 6. Orlando Patterson, Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study; Igor Kopytoff and Suzanne Miers, eds., Slavery in Africa: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives. 7. Gerald McSheffrey, “Slavery, Indentured Servitude, Legitimate Trade, and the Impact of Abolition in the Gold Coast, 1874–1910: A Reappraisal.” 8. Raymond Dumett, “Pressure Groups, Bureaucracy, and the Decision-Making Process: The Case of Slavery, Abolition, and Colonial Expansion in the Gold Coast, 1874”; Marion Johnson, “The Slaves of Salaga.” 9. Raymond Dumett and Marion Johnson, “Britain and the Suppression of Slavery in the Gold Coast Colony, Ashanti, and the Northern Territories.” 10. Suzanne Miers and Richard Roberts, eds., The End of Slavery in Africa. 11. Igor Kopytoff, “The Cultural Context of African Abolition”; Richard Roberts and Suzanne Miers, “The End of Slavery in Africa.” 12. Kwabena Opare Akurang-Parry, “The Administration of the Abolition Laws, African Response, and Post-proclamation Slavery in the Gold Coast, 1874–1940”; Akurang-Parry, “Slavery and Abolition in the Gold Coast: Colonial Modes of Emancipation and African Initiatives.” 13. Peter Haenger, Slaves and Slave Holders on the Gold Coast: Towards an Understanding of Social Bondage in West Africa. You are reading copyrighted material published by Ohio University Press/Swallow Press. Unauthorized posting, copying, or distributing of this work except as permitted under U.S. copyright law is illegal and injures the author and publisher. 194 14. Martin Klein, Slavery and Colonial Rule in French West Africa. 15. Martin Klein, “Women in Slavery in the Western Sudan”; “Servitude among the Wolof and Sereer of Senegambia”; “Slave Resistance and Slave Emancipation in Coastal Guinea.” 16. Martin Klein, “Slavery and Emancipation in French West Africa.” 17. Paul Lovejoy and Jan Hogendorn, Slow Death for Slavery: The Course of Abolition in Northern Nigeria, 1897–1936; Ibrahim Sundiata, From Slaving to Neoslavery: The Bight of Biafra and Fernando Po in the Era of Abolition, 1827–1930. 18. James F. Searing, “God Alone Is King”: Islam and Emancipation in Senegal, the Wolof Kingdoms of Kajoor and Bawol, 1859–1914. 19. James F. Searing, West African Slavery and Atlantic Commerce: The Senegal River Valley, 1700–1860; Searing, “Accommodation and Resistance: Chiefs, Muslim Leaders, and Politicians in Colonial Senegal, 1890–1934.” 20. Alice L. Conklin, A Mission to Civilize: The Republican Idea of Empire in France and West Africa, 1895–1930. 21. Frederick Cooper, Thomas Holt, and James Thompson, Explorations of Race, Labor, and Citizenship in Post-emancipation Societies; Martin Klein, ed., Breaking the Chains: Slavery, Bondage, and Emancipation in Modern Africa and Asia. 22. Cooper, “The Dialectics of Decolonization: Nationalism and Labor Movements in Postwar French Africa,” 409. Chapter 1 1. James Webb, Jr., Desert Frontier: Ecological and Economic Change along the Western Sahel, 1600–1850. 2. James F. Searing, West African Slavery, 7–8. 3. Literally, “clerics of the drum.” Searing, “God Alone,” 21. Also see Searing, “Accommodation .” 4. See David Robinson, Paths of Accommodation: Muslim Societies and French Colonial Authorities in Senegal and Mauritania, 1880–1920, 14. 5. For more on social structure, see Klein, “Servitude,” 335–63. 6. Webb, Desert Frontier, 16–24. 7. Mary McCarthy lists potential Akan homelands as Ethiopia, Libya, Wagadu, and Chad. McCarthy, Social Change and the Growth of British Power in the Gold Coast: The Fante States, 1807–1874, 2–3. Eva Meyerowitz, relying solely on oral tradition, points to the bend of the Niger. Meyerowitz, The Early History of the Akan States of Ghana. 8. For more on these stools, see John Parker, Making the Town: Ga State and Society in Early Colonial Accra, 22; also see Ivor Wilks, Forests of Gold: Essays on the Akan and the Kingdom of Asante. 9. For example, Robert Addo-Fening, Akyem Abuakwa 1700–1943, from Ofori Panin to Sir Ofori Atta; M. A. Kwamena-Poh, Government and Politics in the Akuapem State, 1730– 1850; Louis Wilson, The Krobo People of Ghana to 1892. 10. Henry Meredith, An Account of the Gold Coast...