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42 GENERAL CRITICISM AND MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS was intended to manipulate” (25). In Paradise Lost “Milton uses contemporary references to Satan...to call into question the nature of literary representation as it was made to serve politics in his own day” (25). Argues that Milton scholars who exalt the “Grand Whig Milton” as “a symbol of the rising bourgeoisie... present an outdated historical framework as a background for their claims” (20). Reviews: David Norbrook, Criticism 37 (1995): 625–27; Jonathan F. S. Post, HLQ 58 (1995): 259–63; Dana E. Aspinall, SCJ 27 (1996): 257–58; Colin Burrow, CQ 25 (1996): 85; Robert T. Fallon, AHR 101 (1996): 1204; Stephen M. Fallon, Review of Politics 58 (1996): 366–69; N. H. Keeble, N&Q 43 (1996): 346–47; Thomas G. Olsen, PSt 19 (1996): 209–302; Lois Potter, JEGP 95 (1996): 553–53; Nigel Smith, MLR 91 (1996): 971–72; Cheryl Thrash, MiltonQ 30 (1996): 39–41; Samuel Glen Wong, RenQ 49 (1996): 887–91; Stanley Archer, SCN 55 (1997): 16–17; Thomas N. Corns, MP 94 (1997): 529–31; Christopher Hill, EHR 112 (1997): 473–74; Joad Raymond, RES 48 (1997): 107–09; Thomas V. Wheeler, SR 105 (1997): 112–17. Ackroyd, Peter. 279. Milton in America. London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1996; New York: Doubleday, 1997. 307 pp. A novel. Imagines that Milton goes to New England in 1660 to flee the Restoration . He is accompanied by his secretary , Goosequill. Milton becomes the leader of a community of Puritan settlers and insists that strict morals be observed. In time, he becomes a tyrant and wages war on a neighboring town inhabited by Roman Catholics. The novel reflects the Achinstein, Sharon. 277. “Imperial Dialectic : Milton and Conquered Peoples.” In Milton and the Imperial Vision. Ed. Balachandra Rajan and Elizabeth Sauer. Pittsburgh: Duquesne Univ. Press, 1999, pp. 67–89. Addresses Milton’s views on the rights of conquered peoples and includes his views on human rights in his writings. Notes that he sided with the law of nations regarding servitude and slavery and that his writings show that he was most concerned with moral, or spiritual, slavery , which he regarded as a consequence of moral degeneration. He justified English subjugation of other people on the basis of distinctions between pagan and Christian and between barbarian and civilized, and he used this position to justify Irish subjugation. Insists that such differentiation “permeates all of Milton’s writing about empire” (77). Concludes that a study of Milton’s works in the light of the classical studies on republicanism would show “Milton’s distance from modernity” (88). Achinstein, Sharon. 278. Milton and the Revolutionary Reader. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1994. xv + 272 pp. Discusses the English revolution from a revisionist perspective. Deals with the rhetoric of several writers on both sides, including discussions of Milton’s Areopagitica and Eikonoklastes. Concludes with a chapter on Paradise Lost and Milton’s fit audience. Sees the era as one in which writers sought to influence a new reading public. Milton challenges readers “to properly interpret rhetoric that GENERAL CRITICISM 43 behavior of the actual pilgrims who fled religious persecution, only to become persecutors themselves. Much of the first half of the novel is written as journal entries. Conclusion of novel reflects the diction of the final lines of Paradise Lost. Reviews: Trev Broughton, TLS, Aug. 30, 1996, p. 23; Tony Tanner, New York Times Book Review, April 6, 1997, p. 14; Bruce Cook, BkW, June 15, 1997, p. 6; Morris Freedman, ASch 67 (1998): 176–78. Agari, Masahiko. 280. “Miruton ni okeru meisee no gainen” (“Milton’s Concept of Fame”). ERA 5 (1967): 8–18. In Japanese. A review of the language describing fame in Milton’s prose and poetry. Agari, Masahiko. 281. “An Observation on Milton’s Language.” HSELL 27 (1982): 42–56. Covers the growth of Milton’s use of epic language in his earlier poetry and his prose, culminating in Paradise Lost. Touches on many works. Believes that Milton’s writing of the History of Britain was a significant factor in developing his epic style. Appelbaum, Robert. 282. “Tip-Toeing to the Apocalypse: Herbert, Milton, and the Modern Sense of Time.” GHJ 19 (1995–96): 27–54. Notes that despite some end-of-the-world predictions with the coming of the year 2000, the year has become “an institutionalized simulacrum,” with “nothing really at stake except a change in numbers ,” accompanied by “little genuine apocalyptic fervor” (27). Observes that in the seventeenth century...

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