Hog Meat and Hoecake: Food Supply in the Old South, 1840-1860

Index

Index Absentee ownership: effects on food production, 25 Acorns: for swine feed, 99 Agriculture: regional specialization, 3; semitropical crops, 4; colonial period, 4—5; colonial New England , 5; middle colonies, 6-7; southern colonies, 7-9; in the Old Northwest, 13-15 Agriculture, diversified : common goal of farmers, 2; in colonial New England, 5; middle colonies, 6-7; southern colonies, 8-9 Agricultural plants: temperatezone , 5; Environmental limits, 28-36 passim Agricultural regions: United States, 3; in the South, 235 Alcoholic beverages: attitudes toward , 52 Alston plantation: meal described, 54 Amenities: slaves desire for, 27 Andropogon. See Broomsedge Animal husbandry: in colonies, 56 , 7, 9 Apples: dried, 51; pudding, 54; dumplings, 55; widely grown, 180-82; local trade in, 199; in Mississippi River trade, 202 Aristida. See Wiregrass Armadillo: extended range of, 252ni Augusta, Georgia: market for drovers , 195 Backbone and ribs: as part of slave ration, 58 Bacon: common on frontier, 39; high consumption, 41; overuse, 42; as slave food, 57, 58; peddled in North Carolina, 191 Bananas: on table at Alston plantation , 54 Banking vegetables : description, 275n6; mentioned, 175 Barbecue: special occasion for slaves, 59; mentioned, 44 Barley: seldom grown, 168 Bass: saltwater, 85; freshwater, 86 Beans: cooking methods, 51; as garden crop, 173; in slave provision patches, 182 Bear meat: food in Mississippi, 55 Beef: use in South, 44; techniques of preservation, 44; eaten fresh, 44; as replacement for pork, 44; consumption, 44, 130; cooperative slaughtering, 44-45; cooking methods, 45; apparent prejudice against, 58-59; consumed by slaves, 58-59; as supplementary meat for slaves, 59; carcass weights, 129; annual production, 129-30; deficit regions, isr-34; in Mississippi River trade, 202; consumed in Mobile, 224 Beef trade: local sources, 189; of New Orleans, 204; of Mobile, 210 Birds: use for food, 80-82 Black belt: as a natural grassland, 35 Blackberry: preserved, 51-52; used for food, 89-90 Blackeyes. See Cowpeas Bluegrass Basin: as food supplier, 193 Bluestem: used as grazing, 134; mentioned, 34, 35 Bread pudding: dish at Alston plantation , 54 Broomsedge: used for forage, 34 Buckingham, J. S.: on confectioneries , 53; on freshwater fishing, 86; on persimmons, 90 Buckwheat: not widely grown, 50, 168 Buffalo: used for food, 86 Burke, Emily: comment on high port consumption, 41: on meat curing, 43; comments on oysters, 84; on drum fishing, 85; on cattle , 119 Butter: regional production, 128, 131-32; local trade in, 187, 191; in Mississippi River trade, 206 Butter beans, 173 Buttermilk: for food, 52; used by slaves, 61 287 288 INDEX Cabbage: environmental limits, 30; cooking methods, 51; on table in Virginia, 55; for slaves, 60; as winter garden crop, 173 Canebrakes: used for grazing, 34, 136; description of, 243nis Cantaloupe: southern favorite, 173; as a field crop, 179 Carp: used for food, 86 Cash crops: search for, 2, 4-5, 6-7, 8, 9, 14-15; competition with food crops, 22-23, ^6 Catfish: importance in interior, 48; saltwater, 85; for slave food, 86 Cattle: in colonial New England, 5; multiple purpose, 5, 115, 122-23; importance in South, 112-15; production in southern states, 113-15; used for food, 120-22; commercial sale, 120-21; on plantations, 123-25; quality and treatment, 124-25, 126; attempts to improve, 124—25; census classification , 132, 2,651146; driven overland, 194 Cattle droving: into South, 30. See also Cattle herding Cattle grazing. See Cattle herding Cattle herding: southern colonies, 9; distribution, 34-36, 112-13; operations, 115, 118, 119-22; roundups and branding, 118; numbers, 119 Cattle raising: herder vs. planter, 123 Champagne; on table at Alston plantation, 54 Charleston, South Carolina: game sold in markets, 75; rabbits sold in markets, 79; waterfowl sold in markets, 82; as cattle market, 120; wheat exports, 168; food trade of, 208 Cheese: scarcity in South, 132; in Mississippi River trade, 206 Cherokee lands: opened to cotton growers, 17 Chesapeake Bay area: as tobacco exporter, 7-8; comparison with cotton belt, 18 Chestnut: use for food, 34, 89 Chestnut tree: in inland forest, 34 Chicken: rapid reproduction rates, 40; importance as food, 46-47 Chitterlings : relished by blacks and whites, 43 Cider: in Mississippi River trade, 206 Cincinnati: markets in, i: as pork packing city, 14, 58, 101 Cist, Charles: on Cincinnati pork packing, 58, 101 Citrus fruits: environmental limits, 30; relative importance, 181 Claiborne, John: describes pine forest , 32-33; on herders, 116-17 Claret: preference for in South, 52 Clear pork: description, 58 Climate : of the South, 28-32; growing season, 29—30; effects...