Diplomacy in Black and White: John Adams, Toussaint Louverture, and Their Atlantic World Alliance

Index

Italicized page numbers refer to maps and illustrations. Adams, Abigail, 1, 32, 53–55, 162 Adams, John: and Barbary States negotiations, 56–57; and Britain, 31, 54, 109–11; and Bunel, Joseph, 39–43; Discourses on Davila, 147–48; and Dominguan-American diplomacy, 3, 11, 23–26, 39–43, 81–86, 91–94; and Dominguan-American trade, 100, 111– 12; 1800 electoral defeat of, 138, 160– 62; and France, 14, 23–24, 30, 53–54; and Fries’s Rebellion, 148; inaugural ceremony and address of, 1, 57; later life of, 162–64; and Louverture, 29, 92–93, 140–43, 148, 176; and Marshall, 152; and Pickering, Timothy, 39–40, 147, 152; and race, 31–33, 37–38, 54–56, 173; as revolutionary or elitist, 147– 49; and Saint-Dominguan expansion throughout Hispaniola, 138, 140–43; and Saint-Dominguan independence, 3–4, 29, 68–69, 97–98, 144, 189n33; and Saint-Dominguan Revolution, 14, 17–18, 41–43; and slavery, 54–56, 69– 70, 162–63; and Talbot, 114–16; as vice president, 53–54 Adams, John Quincy, 29, 97, 167 Adet, Pierre, 48 Admiralty Court (Santo Domingo), 78 Africa, 51–52 African Episcopal Church of St. Thomas (Philadelphia), 74 African Masonic Lodge, 75 African Methodist Episcopal Church, Bethel, 74 Agé, Pierre, 151 Alien and Sedition Acts, 25, 45, 149, 161 Allen, Richard, 74, 93 American Museum, or Universal Magazine (Philadelphia), 16 American Revolution, 33, 46, 133 Amphitrite, 165 Angiolini, Gasparo, 175 Arthur Mervyn (C. B. Brown), 97 Augusta, 126 Avengers of the New World (Dubois), 5 Babbit, Elizabeth, 71 Barbary States, 31, 56–57, 90–91 Basel, Treaty of (1795), 50, 137 Beauvais, Louis-Jacques, 48 Belknap, Jeremy, 56 Biassou, Georges, 186n5 Bingham, William, 29 Bishop, Abraham, 16, 172 Black Prince, The (More), 124 Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich, 96–97 Bolster, Jeffrey, 131, 134 Bonaparte, Joseph, 154 INDEX [234] index Bonaparte, Napoleon, 3, 179–81, 207– 8n50 Boudaine, La, 78 Boukman, 186n5 Boyer, Jean-Pierre, 180 Bréda, Pantaléon II de, 96 Britain: and Dominguan-American trade and diplomacy, 84–85, 98–101, 108– 12, 198n30; in Franco-British war, 52; and Saint-Dominguan Revolution and civil war, 43–44, 102, 117–18, 126, 145, 179; and United States, 23–24, 144 Brown, Charles Brockden, 96–97; Arthur Mervyn, 97 Brown, Gordon, 6 Bullet, Jeannot, 186n5 Bunel, Joseph: Adams’s meetings with, 39–43, 57, 190n6; background and later life of, 14–15, 19–23, 69, 180–81; and Intercourse Act, 59–60; Pickering dinner with, 13–14, 17–18, 24–26, 28, 36–38, 40 Bunel, Marie Françoise Mouton, 20–21, 23, 87, 180–81 Buonarroti, Filippo, 175 Burr, Aaron, 162 Bush Hill Hospital (Philadelphia), 77 Canada, 52 Canandaigua, Treaty of, 34 Cap Français, 2, 94 Carden, James, 166 Carey, Mathew, 173 Carmick, Daniel, 129 Carré, Charles, 87 Carré, John Thomas, 73, 87, 108 Chanlatte, Antoine, 143 Charles (enslaved African), 134 Chavannes, Jean-Baptiste, 33 Christianity, 170 Christiansted (Danish West Indies), 70 Christophe, Henry, 23, 48, 79, 101, 106, 179–80 Clay, Henry, 167 College of Physicians, 76 Collins, Isaac, 129 Constitution (France), 49 Constitution (ship), 113–18, 115, 126, 128– 29, 133–36 Constitutional Assembly and Constitution (Saint-Domingue), 177 Constitutional Convention (U.S.), 33 Cooper, Anna Julia, 52 Corbett, Edward, 111 Corbett, William, 121 Council of Five Hundred (France), 50–51 Coxe, Tench, 161 creoleness, 41, 73 Crèvecoeur, J. Hector St. John, 171 Cushing, William, 55–56 Dain, Bruce, 7 Dandridge, Bartholomew, 156, 164 Davie, William R., 155 Davies, Benjamin, 96 Davis, David Brion, 5 Dayton, Jonathan, 25 Decatur, Stephen, 183 Declaration of Independence (U.S.), 19, 33, 55 Declaration of Rights (Massachusetts Constitution), 55 DeConde, Alexander, 4 Delacroix, Charles, 50 Democratic-Republicans: Adams administration and Federalists, 91, 148, 161; Alien and Sedition Acts, 149; Dominguan-American diplomacy, index [235] 83, 85, 159; Intercourse Act, 62–65, 68, 139–40, 142; interracial marriage, 21, 23. See also specific politicians Denmark Vesey insurrection plot, 64 Dessalines, Jean-Jacques, 23, 48, 79, 106– 7, 179–80 Devèze, Jean, 76 Didricksen, Jeppe, 122 Directory (France), 46, 49–50 Discourses on Davila (J. Adams), 147–48 Dominguan-American diplomacy: modern analysis of, 5, 186n6; motivations for, 4–5, 8–9, 30–33; and race, 4, 17–23, 37–38, 86, 91–94, 183– 84; results of, 3–4, 12, 30–33, 108–12, 183–84; and trade relations, 3–5, 17– 18, 36–38, 141...