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327 Adams, Abigail, 77, 183, 216, 218 Adams, John, 2–4, 21, 77; cabinet conflicts , 3, 174–76, 184, 188, 195, 213, 221, 228, 236–37, 262; defense of his own legacy, 262–63; election and inauguration as president, 171–72; personal traits, 174, 244–45, 250–51; presidency, 174–245; reelection campaign, 241–42, 244, 250, 252–53; reluctance to expand army, 194, 197, 209, 210, 216, 218, 224, 227–28; Washington, comparison to, 175, 184. See also under McHenry, James Adams, John Quincy, 227 Adams, Samuel, 21, 59 Adet, Pierre-Auguste, 167, 176 Algiers, Dey of (Baba Hassan), 164–65 Alien and Sedition Acts, 195, 220, 226, 229 Allison, Grace, 127, 134–35 Allison, Patrick, 13, 17 Allison, William, 12, 23, 78, 97, 119 American Revolution: causes, 1, 18–23, 25, 27; Indian raids, 44–45, 46; medical issues, 24–27, 30–32, 36–37; Valley Forge, 36, 39–40, 229. See also battles (American Revolution) Ames, Fisher, 164 André, John, 55–56 Armistead, George, 270–71 Armstrong, John, 81, 229, 269, 285n35 Arnold, Benedict, 25, 26, 55–56, 60 Arnold, Peggy, 55–56 Articles of Confederation, 83, 94, 109, 111, 114 Ashfield, Kitty, 75 Association of Mechanics and Tradesmen , 117–18 Ayres, Samuel, 20 bagatelles, 255 Ballard, Robert, 123 Baltimore: McHenry’s legislative work for, 128, 139, 269; slavery in, 148, 150 Baltimore, Battle of (War of 1812), 269–72 Bank of Baltimore, 139 Banneker, Benjamin, 1–2, 147–48 Barthélemy, Jean-Jacques, Travels of Anacharsis, 261–63 battles (American Revolution): Bunker Hill, 26; Camden, 56; Cowpens, 62; Fort Washington, 29–30, 32–33, 57; Germantown, 39, 119; Guilford Courthouse, 62; King’s Mountain, 56; Lexington and Concord, 22–23; Monmouth, 42–43; Paulus Hook, 47; Princeton, 33; Rhode Island, 44; Saratoga , 39, 40, 280n6; Savannah, 45, 48– 49; Stony Point, 47; Trenton, 33; White Plains, 29; Yorktown, 65–68 Bayard, James A., 253 Baylor, George, 44 Beanes, William, 271 Beaumarchais, Pierre de, 40 Beeman, Richard, 102, 108 Benezet, Anthony, 148 Billias, George Athan, 179 Bland, James Edward, 2 Bleakley, John, 134–35 Blount, William, 181–82, 187, 188 Index 328 index Dana, Francis, 180 Deane, Silas, 50 Debute, Louis, 31–32 Declaration of Independence, 27, 58 de Grasse, Comte, 66 Dent, George, 136 d’Estaing, Comte, 44, 48 Dickinson, John, 20–21 Dickinson, Philemon, 40 Dinsmoor, Silas, 170 Drennan, William, 9 Duane, James, 53, 95 Dunlap, James, 18 Elkins, Stanley, 250 Ellicott, Andrew, 181 Farquhar, Robert, 134 Farrand, Max, 102 Federalist, origin of name, 110, 130 Finkelman, Paul, 107 Fitzsimmons, Thomas, 94 Forrest, Uriah, 63, 68, 141 Fort McHenry, 5, 235–36, 269, 270–72, 273 Fort Washington, Battle of, 29–30, 32–33, 57 France, conflicts with: under Adams, 174, 176–82, 187, 190–95, 221–23, 227–28, 237–40, 245; under Washington, 135– 36, 138, 157, 159–60, 166–67. See also quasi-war Francis, Tench, 233–34, 242 Franklin, Benjamin, 16, 40, 50, 102, 196, 255–56; on Adams, 245, 250 Freeman, Joanne B., 3 French Revolution, 135, 138, 160–61, 166–67 Fries, John, 230, 232 Fries Rebellion, 5, 230–32, 257 Gage, Thomas, 22 Gates, Horatio, 39, 42, 56 Genet, Edmund, 136 gentlemen, code of, 133, 135, 244 George III, 25, 263 Germantown, Battle of, 39, 119 Blount Conspiracy, 181–82 Boston Massacre, 19 Boston Tea Party, 20, 21 Boudinot, Elias, 42, 83 Boyd, James Pillar, 272–73 Bryan, George, 148 Bunker Hill, Battle of, 26 Burr, Aaron, 172, 252–53, 254 Caldwell, David, 12 Caldwell, John (Jack), 123, 126, 127, 186 Caldwell, Peggy. See McHenry, Peggy Camden, Battle of, 56 Carrington, Edward, 207 Carroll, Charles (barrister), 58–59 Carroll, Charles (known as Charles Carroll of Carrollton), 58–59, 62, 72, 80, 252, 264, 266–67 Carroll, Daniel, 59, 85, 105–6, 108, 110–12, 121 Carroll, John, 244 Chase, Jeremiah Townley, 85 Chase, Samuel, 58–59, 62, 72–73, 100– 101, 102, 284n7; judicial career, 108, 119, 139–40, 141; as McHenry’s election opponent, 110–15, 117–19; rapprochement with McHenry, 139–40 Chernow, Ron, 61 Chisholm, Alexander, 134 Church, Benjamin, 26 citizenship issues, 138 Clarfield, Gerard, 2 Clinton, Henry, 41–43, 45, 46–47, 49 Clinton, James, 46 Clymer, George, 21 Cochrane, Alexander, 270 Coercive (Intolerable) Acts, 21 Constitutional Convention, 102–9; ratifying convention, 113–16 Cornwallis, Charles, 33, 62, 64–67 Coulter, John, 113, 118–19, 291n36 Cowpens, Battle of, 62 Coxe, Tench, 132–33 Cromwell, Oliver, 10 Cullen, William, 16–17 currency issues, 71...

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