War upon the Land: Military Strategy and the Transformation of Southern Landscapes during the American Civil War

Title Page, Copyright, Dedication, Frontispiece

War upon the Land series editor Paul S. Sutter, University of Colorado advisory board Judith Carney, University of California–Los Angeles S. Max Edelson, University of Virginia Robbie Ethridge, University of Mississippi Ari Kelman, University of California–Davis Shepard Krech III, Brown University Tim Silver, Appalachian State University Mart Stewart, Western Washington University War upon the Land Military Strategy and the Transformation of Southern Landscapes during the American Civil War Lisa M. Brady The University of Georgia Press Athens and London Parts of this book previously appeared in different form as “The Wilderness of War: Nature and Strategy in the American Civil War,” in Environmental History 10, no. 3 (July 2005): 421–47. The article was edited and reprinted under the same title in Environmental History and the American South: A Reader, ed. Paul S. Sutter and Christopher J. Manganiello (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2009), 168–95. Reprinted with permission of Oxford University Press. Chapter 4 appeared previously in slightly different form as “Devouring the Land: Sherman’s 1864–1865 Campaigns,” in War and the Environment: Military Destruction in the Modern Age, ed. Charles E. Closmann (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2009), 49–67. Reprinted by permission of the Texas A&M University Press. Copyright © 2009 Charles E. Closmann.© 2012 by the University of Georgia Press Athens, Georgia 30602 www.ugapress.org All rights reserved Set in Adobe Garamond Pro by Graphic Composition, Inc., Bogart, Georgia Printed digitally in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Brady, Lisa M., 1971– War upon the land : military strategy and the transformation of southern landscapes during the American Civil War / Lisa M. Brady. p. cm. — (Environmental history and the American South) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8203-2985-7 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8203-2985-1 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-0-8203-4249-8 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8203-4249-1 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. United States—History—Civil War, 1861–1865—Environmental aspects. 2. Philosophy of nature—United States—History—19th century. 3. Strategy—History— 19th century. 4. Confederate States of America—History, Military. 5. United States— History—Civil War, 1861–1865—Campaigns. I. Title. E468.9.B694 2012 973.7'301—dc23 2011037559 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data available ISBN for this digital edition: 978-0-8203-4383-9 For my husband, David, my mother, Sharon, and in memory of my father, John. And for Donald Worster, without whose sage advice and steady support this book would have never been. This page intentionally left blank Naturam expelles furca, tamen usque recurret, et mala perrumpet furtim fastidia victrix. You may drive out Nature with a pitchfork, yet she will ever hurry back, and ere you know it, will burst through your foolish contempt in triumph. Horace, Epistle to Aristius Fuscus This page intentionally left blank ...