Nonproliferation Norms: Why States Choose Nuclear Restraint

Index

Abdel Rahman, Ibrahim Hilmy, 106, 108 Abe, Shinzo, 59, 75–76, 88, 239n123 acrs (Working Group on Arms Control & Regional Security), 123–24, 135 Adenauer, Konrad, 185–87, 193, 196 African nwfz, 125, 153 Albright, Madeline, 72 Al-Jamahiriya (newspaper), 160 Aly, Kamal Hassan, 248n125, 249n128 Amer, Abdel Hakim, 108, 111, 245n66 Anderson, Lisa, 168 antinuclear norm: activation of, 48; development , promotion, and support of, 35–37, 202–3, 215–16; and domestic policies, 212; in Egypt, 120–28; in Germany, 185, 188–89, 192, 195, 198– 99; in Japan, 54–57, 59–61, 71–76, 79, 84–85, 92; in Sweden, 181, 184 Arab League, 102–3, 124–26, 129, 213 Arab Republic of Egypt. See Egypt Arafat, Yasir, 159 Argentina, 7, 162, 221 Arnett, Eric, 174, 176, 212 Article 9, of Japanese Peace Constitution , 54–55, 62, 74, 86 Asahi Shimbun (newspaper), 63, 76 Aso, Taro, 60 attitude change: and constructivism, 17, 143; and similarity, 219–20; as social psychology concept, 3, 16; and subjective norms, 41 Atoms for Peace, 106 Australia, 14, 123, 221 Badri, Salim al-, 159 Baradei, Mohamed El, 165 Barnett, Michael, 113, 119–20 Beaton, Leonard, 197 Begin, Menachem, 101 behavioral change: mechanisms of, 17–19, 46–47; and normative influences , 40–42, 46–47, 49–50, 163–69, 221; as social psychology concept, 2–3, 216–17 Belarus, 7, 163 Belgium, nuclear cooperation of, with Egypt, 121 Berger, Thomas, 55, 199, 209 Berlusconi, Silvio, 154 Blix, Hans, 153 Boese, Wade, 189 Bolton, John, 213 Boyer, Paul, 35 Brazil, 7, 162, 214–15 Brewer, M. B., 18 Britain: and Libya, 153–55, 163–64; nuclear cooperation of, with Egypt, 121 Brown, R. J., 18 Bungei Shunju (periodical), 67 Bunn, George, 218 Bush, George W., 73, 77–78, 168, 215, 218, 220 INDEX [286] index Camp David summit/accords, 102–3 Campbell, Kurt, 88, 216–18 Canada, 30–31t, 121 Carson, Cathryn, 191 case studies criteria/methodology, 12, 28–33, 87–88, 136–37, 202 chemical-biological weapons, 24–25, 137–38, 146, 204, 252n194 Cheney, Dick, 214 China: and Egypt, 110, 113, 115; and Japan, 62–66, 74, 84; and North Korea, 219 Christian Democrat Party (Germany), 258n153 Cialdini, R. B., 45–46, 132 Cirincione, Joseph, 218 Clinton, Bill, 95, 155 coalitions: nac, 125, 142–43, 145t, 213; and neoliberalism, 12–13, 39; Zangger, 39 Coffey, J. I., 185 Cohen, Avner, 123 Cold War, and nuclear forbearance, 7, 9, 73–74, 171 Cole, Paul, 171–72, 174, 176, 179 compliance monitoring, 3, 10, 25–27 Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. See ctbt conflict: lessons from, 220; as normative influence, 50–52, 84–85, 135, 164–65, 182, 196–97; as polarizing, 220 conformity, and international social environment, 165 constructivism: expectations of, for nuclear restraint, 27–28; and Japan’s nuclear forbearance, 53; and national identity, 14–16, 85, 209, 227n39; and npt, 208–11; on preference-driven change, 17; and security, 208; and social environment, 16, 148, 221–22; theoretical analysis of, 92–95, 97t, 140–49, 208–9; theorists of, 3, 14. See also neoliberal institutionalism; realism conventional weapons, as nuclear incentive , 177–79, 226n18 cost-benefit calculations: and behavioral change, 17, 197, 202; and constructivist expectations, 28, 93–94, 142–43; and security concerns, 14, 25, 87, 217; and social environment, 50–51, 82–83, 85–86, 134 ctbt (Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty), 39, 77, 93, 189, 199, 240n147 Cuban missile crisis, 36 de Gaulle, Charles, 186 decision-making. See nuclear decisionmaking defense: in Japan, 59, 67, 69–70, 76, 240n157; in Sweden, 171–72, 177–78, 181 Democratic Party of Japan (dpj), 59 democratic regimes: and behavioral consistency , 46–47, 216; Libya’s view of, 159–60; and neoliberal institutionalism , 12; and nuclear decision-making, 31; and postwar Japan, 83–84 descriptive norms: and antinuclear norm, 202, 212–13; consistency of, 214; defined/described, 40, 128, 255n61; transmission of, 42–43, 77, 128–29, 162, 180–81, 193–94; United States propagates new version of, 213–14; weakening of, 213 diplomacy, 120–28; of Egypt, 104–5, 114–16, 119–28, 141–42, 210; of Germany , 192; of Japan, 68, 74, 89–90, 93, 98; Kissinger and Middle East, index [287] 101; of Libya, 167; of Palestine, 210; of Sweden, 172 disarmament: as goal of Egypt, 143–44, 213; as international norm, 39, 213; nac, 125, 142–43, 145t; npt, 36–37, 66, 213 Diwan, Roger, 157 domestic politics, and...