Stories in Stone: How Geology Influenced Connecticut History and Culture

Index

Index Page numbers in italics refer to figures. Acadian orogeny, 15 achondrites, 167 Adams, John, 83, 102 African tectonic plate, 15, 21–22 age of Earth, calculating, 10–14, 168 Agnes, Hurricane, 33 agriculture: Central Valley, 3, 83, 89, 90–91, 95–96; cleared land’s effects, 2, 34, 49–50; climatic effects on, 35, 41–42, 43–44; colonial, 2–3, 99–100; Connecticut’s ascendancy in, 3, 100; glacial till problem for, 49–50; and horticulture by native people, 92–93, 96–98 Albedo, 40 Alleghenian orogeny, 15, 21 Allen, Ethan, 69 Alsop, Richard, 133–34, 144–45 American Gem Company, 73 American Indians. See Native Americans American Revolution, 3, 65–70, 101–2 Anchisaurus dinosaurs, 110–11, 117–18 Andre, Carl, 172n1 Anighito meteorite, Greenland, 168 Antevs, Ernst, 88 Appalachian range, 14, 20, 21–22 aquamarine, 72 Archaic age, 76–78 Aristotle, 145 art and geology, 9, 16, 124–28, 130 asbestos, 81–82 asteroids, threat to Earth from, 170 astroblemes, 166, 168–70 asymmetric flow fold, 18 Atlantic City, New Jersey, meteorite crater off coast of, 168 Atlantic Ocean, tectonics of, 21, 84, 117 aurora borealis and sunspot activity, 44 Avalon terrane, 26 Bakewell, Robert, 143 Barber, John Warner, 115–16, 126, 127, 128, 130–31, 143 barite mining, 57 Barndoor Hills, 111 Barringer (Meteor) Crater, Arizona, 166 Bartlett, Mr., 131 basaltic magmas, 6, 15, 23, 84, 125–26. See also Metacomet Ridge Bashful Lady Cave, 172 Becquerel, Henri, 12, 137 Bell, Michael, 28, 45, 83–84 Berkshire Hills, 20 beryls, 70–75 Black, Robert, 57–58 Black Dog, curse of, 129 black stem rust, 100 Blake, Eli Whitney, 120 Block, Adrian, 43, 93, 126 Blodget, Lorin, 34–37 Boltwood, Bertram, 12 Booth, James Curtis, 64 Bowditch, Nathaniel, 164 Bradford, William, 28, 94 Bragdon, Kathleen, 92 Brainard, John, 153–54 Brigham, William, 134, 145 Brown, Edmund, 63 brownstone (sandstone): artistic depiction of, 116, 126; in Central Valley, 85, 115, 116; quarries for, 3, 57, 82, 172 Buffon, Comte de (Georges-Louis Leclerc), 10–11, 49 Bulkly, Peter, 134 Burr, Merwin, 161–62 Byron, Lord, 36–37 Cambridge, Connecticut, 95 Cameron fault zone, 26 canals, 6, 120–24 Candee, George Edward, 130 Cape Ann earthquake, 137–38 carbonaceous chondrites, 167 carbuncles and earthquake theories, 136–37 Carnian age, 53 Carol, Hurricane, 33 Cassarino, Paul, 157 Castle Craig, 131 Cat Hole Pass, 126, 127 cattle operations, colonial, 94, 102 Cave Hill, 133 Cenozoic period, 12, 24, 170. See also ice ages Central Valley: agriculture in, 3, 83, 89, 90–91, 95–96; climate in, 90–91; European settlement, 93–100, 101; glacial Lake Hitchcock, 85–91; industrialization effects, 103–4; lava flows as basis of, 6, 15, 23; Mesozoic, 24, 84–85; native settlement, 92–93, 96–98; overview, 83–84; Revolutionary period, 101–2; as rift zone, 22, 24; sandstone in, 85, 115, 116; sedimentary deposits, 23, 51–52, 84, 87–88; stratigraphic simplicity of, 17 Chapman, Henry, 136 Char, Lake, 26 Charles II, King of England, 57, 59 Chatham area cobalt mining, 62–64 Chatham Cobalt Mining Company, 64 chert, 76, 77 Chesapeake Bay meteorite crater, 168–70 chinaware, cobalt for, 62, 64 chondrites, 166–67 chondrules, 166–67 Church, Frederic, 128 clays in glacial Lake Hitchcock, 87–88 cleared land, effects of, 1–2, 34, 49–50 Clemmons, William, 135 climate and weather: ancient climates, 51–55; Archaic age global warming, 76; Central Valley vs. Highlands, 90–91; cleared land’s effect on, 2, 34; climate cycles, 38–51; drought conditions, 2, 35, 40, 76; economic effects of, 36, 41–42; historical shifts in, 33–38; hurricanes, 6, 28–33; lava flow effects on, 112; meteorite impact effects on, 170; overview, 27–28; tornadoes, 33 cobalt, 61–64 Cobalt, Connecticut, 56 Cochegan Rock, 47 Cole, Thomas, 125, 128 collecting, rock and mineral, 70–75, 173 collision, tectonic plate, 18, 25, 26 Colonial period: agriculture in, 2–3, 99–100; cattle operations, 94, 102; Central Valley habitation, 93–100, 101; climate adjustment, 33–34, 43; earthquakes during, 134–41; gold find, 57–61; hurricanes, 28; settlement growth in New 198 Index England, 97; water transportation competition, 120–23, 122–23 columbite (niobium), 75 comets, threat to Earth from, 170 compression, tectonic plate, 18, 25, 26 Cone, Joe, 5 Connecticut charter, expansion of, 58–59 Connecticut River: and agriculture in Central Valley, 3; colonial settlement along, 92, 95–96, 97–98, 99–100; ecosystem types...