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Glossary ttgudulo: In Call, a popular afternoon dance context for teenagers in the late 19605, with no alcohol served. These were usually held on weekends. Athletic prowess was emphasized, and dances would last from 3:00 to 8:00 P.M.The ti$uelulos died out by the mid-1970s. alepfria,: Happiness, delight. audition: Literally, "listening." In Cali, this term refers to special discographical tributes to individual salsa artists and ensembles, usually featuring a retrospective of their musical careers. These were initiated on a weekly or bimonthly basis by Gary Dommguez at the Taberna Latina, but other salsotecas and tabernas adopted the audition format in order to generate special interest among their clientele. balada: Spanish-language sentimental pop ballad. bolero: Cuban lyrical song form developed during the late nineteenth century and popularized throughout Latin America during the 19208,19308, and 19408, especially by Mexican and Argentine singers. It features a slow tempo and poetic lyrics, usually of lost love and heartbreak. bomba: Afro-Puerto Rican genre dating back to colonial days, developed by slaves on the sugar plantations of eastern Puerto Rico. Performed on three barrel-shaped drums called barriles and accompanied by vocals and small percussion . Bomba features a veryvolatile and kinetic dance style characterized by much interplay between the lead solo drum and dancers. bucjalu: Popular early salsa form of the mid- to late 19608, fusing rhythm and blues elements with Cuban-based sounds. It is characterized by slow to midtempo performance, I - IV-V-I progressions, andhand claps and/or percussion on beats 2 and 4. Caleno (fern. Galena,): A person or thing from Cali. campttntt: Large cowbell, usually played by the bongo player, used during the montuno section of asonor salsa tune to play downbeat accents. cttmpttnero: Cowbell player. In Cali, this also refers to the audience play-along musician who brings this instrument to concerts to accompany the music. caseta: Dance hall. chachacha,: Variant of the danzon that uses a medium-slow tempo and is marked by a strong downbeat accent. Dancers' feet emphasize "cha-cha-^M" 291 champus bailable: Prototype of the agiielulo dance context. ckamnga,: Typical ensemble of Cuban music, associated with danzon and char chachd and characterized by flute, violins, and timbales. chirimm: Typical Afro-Colombian town-band music from Choco province, featuring raucous brass and clarinet playing, double-headed bass drum, cymbals, and a small drum kit. Not to be confused with the fife-and-drum ensemblesof indigenous culture that extend from Mexico down through the South American Andes. chombo: Local Buenaventura slang for black U.S. and Caribbean sailors who docked in the port. chucu-chucu: See raspa,. clave: Central time line of salsa and Cuban music. Can be phrased as 3-2or 2-3: conga,: Large, conical single-headed hand drum of Cuban origin, also known as tumbadora, featured in all salsa bands. conjunto: Literally, "combo." Small six- or seven-piece ensemble for Cuban son that emerged during the 19208 with the format oftres (Cuban guitar), bongo, claves, maracas, bass, voices, and sometimes trumpet. During the 19308 this was enlarged with the addition of piano, more percussion, and more trumpets. conjunto degaita: Smallflute-and-drum ensemble that plays traditional cumbia on Colombia's Atlantic coast. cow: Literally, "chorus." Refers to the backup chorus that alternates with the lead singer in salsa and Cuban music. The term also refers to the refrains sung by the backup chorus, in alternation with fazpregones (calls) of the lead vocalist, or a solo instrumentalist. Costeno: Literally, "from the coast." In Colombia this term almost always refers to the Atlantic coast. cumbia: Principal musical style of the Atlantic coast. It features a strong pulse on 2 and 4, also characterized by a i J~] >l J~] rhythm. Traditionally played by the conjunto degaita ensemble. The term also refers to a simplified variant of this music (referred to as raspa in Colombia) that spread internationally to Mexico, Central America, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. currulao: Afro -Colombian music from the Pacific coast, traditionally performed on marimba with drum and percussive accompaniment. Strongly African in its polyrhythmic features and vocal style, it is usually performed for social dances but can also be used to accompany religious hymns (arrullos). danzon: Elegant salon dance of Cuban origin. It is traditionally performed by the flute- and-violin charanya ensemble. gaita: This term refers to the double-reed flutes that are used in traditional cumbia ensembles (known as conjunto degaita)^ but most Colombians use it to mean a popular mid-tempo instrumental...

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